Project 8. Alcohol and Executive Cognitive Function

项目综述：饮酒会导致一系列行为问题，包括风险增加 事故、人际冲突和高风险的决策，这些都是医疗保健成本的主要来源 每年在美国。最近的研究表明，酒精会损害所谓的“执行力” 认知功能“(ECFS)，并表明这种损害是酒精相关背后的驱动力 行为的改变。然而，酒精对ECF的影响，包括ECF的特定方面是否 比其他人更容易受到酒精引起的损害，这一点还没有完全了解。此外，还有 执行能力的个体差异很大，但对这些基线差异是如何产生的知之甚少 可缓解酒精对ECF的急性影响。因此，这项建议的长期目标是 加深对酒精对ECF的影响的了解，包括ECF的哪些方面受到的损害最大 酒精，ECF的可分离方面如何相互关联，以及这些影响在 个人。为了实现这一目标，将通过3个实验来解决一系列具体目标。这些 目的包括确定酒精对ECF的三个特定成分的影响(移位、更新和 抑制)，检验酒精对ECF的损伤是否在上行和下行上有所不同 四肢的血液酒精浓度曲线，以及ECF基线差异的程度 缓和酒精的急性影响。最后，这三个实验被设计成允许总体上 使用所有这些数据的元分析集成，以测试以下三个组件 ECF相互关联，并与复杂执行任务的绩效相关。像这样的设计从来没有 在任何发表的关于酒精影响的研究中都使用过。这个项目的成果将具有重要的意义 对理解酒精中毒引起的认知损害的启示。

Project Summary: Alcohol consumption leads to a number of behavioral problems, including increased risk of accidents, interpersonal conflict, and risky decision-making, which account for significant health care costs in the U.S. annually. Recent research indicates that alcohol causes impairment of so-called "executive cognitive functions" (ECFs), and suggests that this impairment is the driving force behind alcohol-related changes in behavior. However, alcohol's effects on ECF, including whether particular aspects of ECF are more susceptible to alcohol-induced impairment than others, are not fully understood. In addition, there are wide individual differences in executive ability, but very little is known about how these baseline differences may moderate the acute effects of alcohol on ECF. Therefore, the long-term objective of this proposal is to increase understanding of alcohol's effects on ECF, including which aspects of ECF are most impaired by alcohol, how separable aspects of ECF relate to one another, and how these effects differ between individuals. To achieve this goal, a series of specific aims will be addressed using 3 experiments. These aims include determining alcohol's effects on three specific components of ECF (shifting, updating, and inhibition), testing whether alcohol-induced impairment of ECF differs on the ascending and descending limbs of the blood alcohol concentration curve, and the extent to which baseline differences in ECFs moderate the acute effects of alcohol. Finally, the three experiments are designed so as to permit an overarching meta-analytic integration using data from all of them, in order to test how the three components of ECF relate to one another and to performance on complex executive tasks. A design like this has never been used in any published study on the effects of alcohol. The outcome of this project will have important implications for understanding the cognitive impairment resulting from alcohol intoxication.