Glial Cell Biology: A Historical Perspective

描述(申请人提供)：与神经元相比，神经胶质细胞的历史几乎被忽略了。在最近研究神经胶质起源的书籍中，著名的凯滕曼和兰瑟姆的《神经胶质》，第二版(2005年)有一个关于这个主题的可爱的章节。Verkhratsky和Butt的第二本书《神经胶质生物学》(2007)有一个权威的介绍性章节，介绍了单词glia的起源以及其他材料。韦伯斯特和阿斯特姆于1985年出版的第三本书《胶质发生：历史展望1839-1985》(2009)没有理解神经胶质细胞最近的作用，而它的历史根源是19世纪，非常简洁，每种神经胶质细胞类型只有一段。菲尔兹的第四本书《另一个大脑：从痴呆症到精神分裂症，关于大脑的新发现是如何使医学和科学发生革命性的》(2009)，介绍了神经胶质生物学的最新发展，但没有提供实质性的历史内容。上述书籍只是冰山一角。这个应用程序需要资金来编写一份全面的历史记录，专门关注神经胶质细胞，在细胞水平上进行组织，并呈现不同类型的神经胶质细胞与神经元相互作用的最新功能。这本书雄心勃勃的目的是将历史根源与关于格利亚的现有知识联系起来，引导读者穿越当前文学的丛林。这本书背后的概念是关于神经胶质细胞功能的知识的巨大进步。150年前，胶质细胞最初是通过 简化论者认为神经元之间的“粘合”。他们的概念在20世纪的过程中作为高贵神经元的辅助细胞(辅助细胞)而发展起来。现在，神经胶质细胞被认为几乎与神经元一样重要，因为它们参与调节突触传递，塑造中枢神经系统结构，确保神经元的基本生存……这本书旨在追溯神经胶质概念的变化，并对神经系统中神经元和几种神经胶质细胞类型之间的细胞整合达成更高的看法。最近知识的爆炸性增长对理解神经胶质细胞在神经系统中的作用的整体情况具有挑战性。它将为我们对神经系统细胞的理解提供一个历史的视角，并将导致对如何取得进一步进展的新见解。没有这个完整的概念，任何神经系统疾病都不能被理解。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The history of glial cells is virtually ignored in comparison to that of neurons. Of the recent books examining the origins of glia, the famous "Neuroglia" by Kettenmann and Ransom, second edition (2005) has a lovely chapter written on the topic. A second book by Verkhratsky and Butt "Glial Neurobiology" (2007) has an authoritative introductory chapter on the origin of the word glia among other material. A third book by Webster and Astr¿m "Gliogenesis: Historical Perspectives 1839-1985" (2009) ending in 1985 does not comprehend the recent role of glial cells, while its history roots in the 19th century are quite succinct, reduced to one paragraph per glial cell type. A fourth book by Fields "The other brain: From Dementia to Schizophrenia, How New Discoveries about the Brain Are Revolutionizing Medicine and Science" (2009), presents recent developments on glial biology without providing substantial historical content. The aforementioned books are merely the tip of the iceberg. This application requests funds to write a thorough historical account focusing exclusively on glia, organized at the cellular level, and presenting an updated function of the different glial cell types interacting with neurons. The ambitious aim of this book is to bridge th historical roots with the present knowledge on Glia to guide the reader through the jungle of the current literature. The concept underlying the book is the enormous progress of knowledge regarding the function of glial cells. 150 years ago, glial cells were initially viewed through the reductionist concept of 'glue' between neurons. Their concept has evolved during the course of the 20th century as auxiliary cells (ancillary - maid) of the nobler neuron. Now, glial cells are considered almost as important as neurons because of their involvement in modulating synaptic transmission, shaping the central nervous system architecture, assuring the basic survival of neurons... The book aims to retrace the change of concepts of glia, and reach a higher view of the cellular integration in the nervous system between neurons and the several glial cell types. The recent explosion of knowledge is challenging to comprehend the whole picture of the role of glia in the nervous system. It will give an historical perspective on how our understanding of the cells of the nervous system has advanced, and will lead to new insights as to how further advances can be made. No neurological disease can be understood without this integrated concept.