Training of Cameroonian Scientists in Research on Malaria

摘要 疟疾是由恶性疟原虫引起的世界三大传染病之一， 当今世界采取控制措施，包括使用经杀虫剂处理的蚊帐， 诊断测试和间歇性预防性治疗（IPT）降低了 疟疾在一些非洲国家流行，但疟疾在中部非洲仍然是高度流行病 公共卫生资源贫乏的地方。严重感染的最高风险是孕妇 和年幼的孩子。现在比以往任何时候都更需要训练有素的非洲科学家来监测非洲的气候变化。 随着疟疾形势的迅速变化，喀麦隆的科学家们积极地 从事疟疾研究，但需要更多的专业知识和教师来确定疟疾- 相关的问题，因为他们出现和设计策略来解决它们。因此，这样做的目的 申请是为了帮助年轻的爱沙尼亚科学家获得必要的技能， 疟疾研究，重点是孕妇和婴儿的疟疾。1994年，科学家 喀麦隆雅温得大学和乔治敦大学开始合作， 疟疾在生物技术中心（BTC）。通过持续的NIH资助和培训， 产妇和儿童健康研究培训计划（MCHRT）的赠款，一组5个完整的- 时间教职员工，>6训练有素的技术人员，和约40名学生正在进行研究， BTC。以前的受训人员希望在完成博士后和住院医师培训后返回 在美国的节目。这个应用程序提出了帮助BTC疟疾小组的方法 获得发展长期可持续研究所需的临界质量和专业知识 关于疟疾的节目该应用程序的具体目标是提供目前 BTC缺乏补充正在进行的研究的能力。培训领域包括：（1）使用 抗疟疾药物（药代动力学、寄生虫抗药性的演变和临床试验 设计），2）胎盘免疫学，重点是流式细胞术，3）合并感染 疟疾和其他疾病之间的联系，4）使用超声波监测胎儿发育，以及5） 病媒生物学该计划包括培训3名博士水平和4名硕士水平的学生， 返回妇产科和传染病领域的临床医生，并培训当地医生， 超声.由前FIC受训人员设计和举办的三个国内讲习班如下： 提出了这些培训活动将大大有助于实现建立一个 BTC的一组科学家，他们的研究将继续改善孕妇的健康护理。 妇女和新生儿

ABSTRACT Malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum, is one of the three major infectious diseases in the world today. The introduction of control measures including insecticide-treated bednets, rapid diagnostic tests, and intermittent preventative treatment (IPT) have reduced the prevalence of malaria in a number of African countries, yet malaria remains highly endemic in central Africa where public health resources are poor. At highest risk of severe infections are pregnant women and young children. More than ever, well-trained African scientists are needed to monitor the changing landscape as the malaria picture rapidly changes. Scientists in Cameroon are actively engage in research on malaria, but additional expertise and faculty are needed to identify malaria- related problems as they arise and design strategies to solve them. Therefore, the purpose of this application is to help young Cameroonian scientists acquired the skills necessary for conducting research on malaria, with a focus on malaria in pregnant women and infants. In 1994, scientists at the University of Yaound¿ 1, Cameroon, and Georgetown University began collaborating on malaria at the Biotechnology Center (BTC). Through continuous NIH grant support and a training grant from the Maternal and Child Health Research Training Program (MCHRT), a group of 5 full- time faculty members, >6 well-trained technicians, and ~40 students are conducting research at the BTC. Previous trainees wish to return after completing their post-doctoral and residency programs in the USA. This application proposes ways to help the malaria group at the BTC acquire the critical mass and expertise it needs to develop a long-term sustainable research program on malaria. The specific goal of the application is to provide expertises that is currently lacking at the BTC that would supplement on-going research. Areas of training include 1) use of anti-malarial drugs (pharmacokinetics, evolution of parasite-drug resistance, and clinical trial design), 2) immunology of the placenta, with emphasis on flow cytometry, 3) co-infections between malaria and other diseases, 4) use of ultrasound for monitoring fetal development, and 5) vector biology. The program includes training of 3 PhD-level and 4 MS-level students, mentoring of returning clinicians(s) in OB/GYN and infectious diseases, and training of local physicians in ultrasound. Three in-country workshops designed and conducted by former FIC trainees are proposed. These training activities will significantly contribute to the long-term goal of creating a group of scientists at the BTC whose research will continue to improve the health care of pregnant women and their newborns.