Mass Sensor Coupled with an Optical Array Imager for Diagnosing Type of Diabetes

描述：糖尿病是一种新出现的全球流行病，其原因包括肥胖、自身免疫性疾病和缺乏体力活动。美国糖尿病协会发布的2011年国家糖尿病概况报告显示，美国有近2600万成年人和儿童患有糖尿病(8.3%的人口)，估计约有8000万人患有糖尿病前期(2型糖尿病之前的一种情况)。具有挑战性的是，即使在健康的条件下，血清中存在超低水平的胰岛素(在PM的数量级)，这就要求需要高灵敏度的检测方法来测量血清或血液中的胰岛素，并诊断是否存在糖尿病类型。商业血糖仪只能推断血液中的葡萄糖水平和糖尿病的存在，但不能识别糖尿病的类型和相关的肥胖、心脏/免疫疾病，对这些疾病来说，胰岛素水平的检测是必要的。S的灵敏度、检测方案的简单性以及检测复杂临床基质中存在的胰岛素的能力至关重要。基于吸光度、荧光、化学发光和放射检测方法的商业血清胰岛素免疫分析方法需要特殊的化学标记检测抗体，这涉及到困难的耗时的准备和分离过程，以及对昂贵材料和特殊仪器的需求。这些特性增加了此类检测试剂盒的高昂成本。因此，迫切需要为糖尿病临床中心提供操作稳健、高度灵敏、使用简单并且涉及无标签检测的传感器 血清和全血胰岛素水平。为了实现这一目标，PI在R15应用中的目标是开发一种新型传感器，该传感器可以基于单一检测中频率、阻抗和胰岛素氧化电流的信号变化，选择性地测量临床相关的PM血清和血液胰岛素水平，并首次实现与基于光学微阵列成像仪的检测的耦合。拟议的无标签传感器研究具有创新性，因为它涉及到直接测量血清和全血中的胰岛素，具有多检测功能，提供了前所未有的精密度和准确性。在没有这种先进的胰岛素传感器的情况下，糖尿病类型的具体识别和相关的管理计划可能仍然存在问题。通过完成提议的工作计划和提议的关于俄克拉荷马州美国原住民学生研究接触的推广活动，预计这项应用将加强俄克拉荷马州立大学的研究环境，为PI创造一个独立的与健康相关的研究事业，并提供一种创新、简单、可靠和高灵敏度的胰岛素传感器 为了显著改进目前在临床样本中识别糖尿病类型的诊断程序。

DESCRIPTION: Diabetes is an emerging epidemic condition worldwide, and some of its causes include obesity, autoimmune disorder, and lack of physical activity. The 2011 National Diabetes Fact Sheet released by the American Diabetes Association revealed that nearly 26 million adults and children in the United States had diabetes (8.3 % population), and about 80 million people were estimated to have pre-diabetes (a condition before type-2 diabetes). Challengingly, the presence of ultra-low levels of insulin in blood serum (on the order of pM) even under healthy conditions demands the need for highly sensitive assay methods to measure serum or blood insulin and diagnose the presence of type of diabetes. The commercial glucometers can only infer the levels of glucose in blood and presence of a diabetes condition, but cannot identify the type of diabetes and the associated obesity, heart/immune diseases, for which the detection of insulin levels is necessary. S sensitivity, simplicity of detection protocol and ability to detect insulin present in a complex clinical matrix are crucial. The commercial serum insulin immunoassays based on absorbance, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, and radiometric detection methods require special, chemically labeled detection antibodies, which involve difficult time consuming preparations and separation procedures, along with the need for expensive materials and special instruments. These properties add to the high-cost of such assay kits. Thus, there exists a critical need to provide the diabetes clinical centers with sensor that are robust in operation, highly sensitive, simple-to- use, and involve label-free detection of serum and blood insulin levels. To accomplish this, the PI's objective in this R15 application is t develop a novel sensor that can selectively measure clinically relevant pM serum and blood insulin levels with high specificity based on signal changes in frequency, impedance, and insulin- oxidation currents in a single assay, and additionally enable the coupling to an optical microarray imager based detection for the first time. The proposed label-free sensor research is innovative because it involves the direct measurements of insulin in both the serum and whole blood with multi-detection features, offering unprecedented precision and accuracy. In the absence of such advanced insulin sensors, the specific identification of the type of diabetes and the associated management plan will likely remain problematic. By c completing the proposed plan of work and the proposed outreach activities of the PI on research exposure to Native American students in Oklahoma, it is expected that this application will strengthen the research environment of Oklahoma State University, create an independent health-related research career for the PI, and deliver an innovative, simple, reliable, and highly sensitive insulin-sensor to significantly improve the present diagnostic procedures in identifying the diabetes-type in clinical samples.