Lung Cancer Screening: A Debate of Practice, Policy, and Science

描述（由申请人提供）：肺癌是美国男性和女性癌症死亡的主要原因。直到最近，肺癌控制的主要重点一直是预防和戒烟。最近进行的NCI资助的国家肺癌筛查试验（NLST）发现，在高风险研究队列中，与胸部x线对照相比，低剂量计算机断层扫描（CT）筛查降低了肺癌死亡率。基于新兴的科学证据，美国预防服务工作组（USPSTF）和其他专业组织制定了支持高风险人群肺癌筛查的临床指南。然而，关于从临床试验到实践环境的科学发现的翻译仍然存在许多问题。在这个NCI会议拨款中，我们提议举办一个题为“肺癌筛查：实践、政策和科学的辩论”的研讨会。本次研讨会将作为在佛罗里达州迈阿密举行的医疗决策学会（SMDM） 2014年年会的一部分举行。2014年SMDM会议的总体主题是不同人群中的医疗决策：推进实践，政策和科学。根据这一主题，拟议的研讨会将讨论与临床试验证据转化为不同人群相关的问题。医疗决策学会是一个跨学科的专业学会，大约有1000名会员。SMDM成员和与会者的科学重点包括个人和人口的观点，并从一系列领域的方法，包括社会科学（经济学，心理学，社会学），定量科学（数学和统计学），组织理论，工程，通信，临床流行病学和临床医学（医生，护士和其他卫生专业人员）。在拟议的研讨会上，一个跨学科专家小组将聚集在一起，重点讨论有关新兴肺癌筛查范例的关键问题。研讨会将促进跨学科的讨论，包括临床医学、评估科学、经济学、健康行为和生物伦理学的领导者。研讨会将分为三个部分：1)将科学证据转化为临床实践，2)卫生政策和指南制定过程，以及3)从患者和社会的角度确定肺癌筛查的价值。研讨会的研究结果将为新出现的肺癌筛查项目的研究、政策、实施和评估提供信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States for both men and women. Until recently, the major focus of lung cancer control has been smoking prevention and cessation. The recently conducted NCI funded National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST) found that screening with low dose computerized tomography (CT) scans compared to a control of chest x-ray reduced lung cancer mortality among a high risk study cohort. Based on the emerging scientific evidence, clinical guidelines supporting lung cancer screening among high risk populations have been developed by the U.S Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and other professional organizations. However, many questions remain regarding the translation of scientific findings from clinical trials to the practice setting. In this NCI conference grant we propose to hold a symposium entitled, Lung Cancer Screening: A Debate of Practice, Policy, and Science. This symposium will be held as part of Society for Medical Decision Making (SMDM) 2014 Annual Meeting to be held in Miami, FL. The overall theme of the 2014 SMDM meeting is Medical Decision Making among Diverse Populations: Advancing Practice, Policy, and Science. In accordance with this theme, the proposed symposium will debate issues pertinent to the translation of evidence from clinical trials to diverse populations. The Society for Medical Decision Making is an interdisciplinary professional society that has approximately 1000 members. The scientific focus of SMDM members and meeting attendees encompasses both the individual and population perspective with methods drawn from a range of fields including the social sciences (economics, psychology, sociology), quantitative sciences (mathematics and statistics), organizational theory, engineering, communication, clinical epidemiology, and clinical medicine (physicians, nurses and other health professionals). In the proposed symposium, an interdisciplinary panel of experts will gather to highlight and debate key questions regarding emerging lung cancer screening paradigms. The symposium will foster interdisciplinary discussions that include leaders in clinical medicine, evaluation science, economics, health behavior, and bioethics. The symposia will be organized into 3 blocks: 1) translation of scientific evidence to clinical practic, 2) health policy and the guideline development process, and 3) determining the value of lung cancer screening from the patient and societal perspective. Findings from the symposium will inform strategies for research, policy, and implementation and evaluation of emerging lung cancer screening programs.