Household Air Pollution from Solid Fuel Combustion Smoke and Global Health Equali

描述(由申请人提供) 家庭固体燃料烟雾是造成全球疾病负担的最重要的环境风险因素，影响到28亿人，占世界人口的40%，是世界人口的三倍 吸烟人数。对于发展中国家来说，家用固体燃料烟雾不仅仅是一个问题。发达国家燃烧木头的人口也面临着这些暴露的风险。然而，在美国，固体燃料烟雾作为疾病的风险因素在很大程度上被忽视了，因为对其不利的呼吸系统影响的研究不足；吸烟是肺部疾病的主要风险因素；以及错误地认为木材(天然)是无害的。有限的数据表明，在美国，木烟是哮喘和慢性阻塞性肺病的危险因素，在美国，暴露在木烟中导致心肺疾病的归因风险可能会增加。然而，在与这种接触对健康的影响相关的研究中存在着重大的关键空白。在没有填补关键差距的情况下，这 研究领域不太可能取得进展。这项申请将有助于支持“家庭空气污染的固体燃料燃烧烟雾和全球健康平等-科学研讨会”，并要求专业科学组织提供额外的支持。研讨会将于2014年11月在新墨西哥州的圣安娜普韦布洛举行，将邀请一批杰出的科学家。在本讲习班结束时，与会者将能够解释发达国家和发展中国家接触固体燃料烟雾对健康的影响；确定固体燃料烟雾暴露的成分和固体燃料烟雾暴露的生物标志物；了解与固体燃料烟雾暴露引起的心肺疾病有关的机制；并描述对发达国家和发展中国家有用的干预战略。讲习班的形式将包括在为期两天的时间内举行八次正式会议，其间穿插休息，以促进非正式讨论。美国胸科学会环境健康政策委员会是这次研讨会的组织委员会。研讨会的会议记录将发表在《美国胸科学会年鉴》杂志上。因此，讲习班将发挥重要作用，提高医生和患者对吸入固体燃料烟雾对健康影响的认识，并通过教育、研究和政策变化促进预防举措。这次研讨会是及时的，因为在前国务卿希拉里·克林顿女士的带头下，美国和全世界对这种暴露有了更高的政治和公众意识，并在华盛顿特区成立了全球清洁炉灶联盟。因此，研讨会的理由与NIEHS的使命直接相关，即“通过了解环境如何影响疾病的发展来减少人类疾病的负担”。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant) Household solid fuel smoke is the most important environmental risk factor for the global burden of disease, affecting 2.8 billion people that constitute 40% of the world population and thrice the number who smoke tobacco. Household solid fuel smoke is not simply a problem for developing countries. Wood burning populations in developed countries are also at risk from these exposures. Yet, solid fuel smoke as a risk factor for disease is largely ignored in the United States due to insufficient research on its adverse respiratory effects; the overwhelming interest in cigarette smoking as the major risk factor for lung disease; and mistaken perception that wood (being natural) is benign. Limited data suggest that wood smoke is a risk factor for asthma and COPD in the United States and the attributable risk for cardiopulmonary disease from wood smoke exposure in the United States is likely to increase. There are however major critical gaps in research related to the health effects of this exposure. Without meeting the critical gaps, this field of research is unlikely to advance. This application will help support the "Household Air Pollution from Solid Fuel Combustion Smoke and Global Health Equality - A Scientific Workshop" with additional support being requested from professional scientific organizations. The workshop will be held in November 2014 at the Santa Ana Pueblo, NM and will invite a faculty of eminent scientists. At the end of this workshop, the participants will be able to explai health effects by solid fuel smoke exposure in developed and developing countries; identify components of solid fuel smoke and biomarkers of solid fuel smoke exposure; understand mechanisms related to cardiopulmonary diseases due to solid fuel smoke exposure; and describe useful intervention strategies for developed and developing countries. The format of the workshop will involve eight formal sessions distributed over a two-day period interspersed with breaks to facilitate informal discussions. The American Thoracic Society's Environmental Health Policy Committee is the organizing committee for this workshop. The proceedings of the workshop will be published in the Annals of the American Thoracic Society journal. The workshop will thus play an important role in increasing awareness about the health effects of solid fuel smoke inhalation among physicians and patients and promoting preventive initiatives through education, research, and policy change. This workshop is timely since there is a greater political and public awareness of this exposure in the United States and the world, spearheaded by the former Secretary of State, Ms. Hillary Clinton and the formation of the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves at Washington, D.C. The rationale for the workshop is therefore directly linked to the NIEHS mission to "reduce the burden of human illness by understanding how the environment influences the development of disease".