Electrophysiology of proper naming in the human left anterior temporal lobe

描述（由申请人提供）：左前颞叶（ATL）对于检索专有名词的名称至关重要。这方面的证据来自病变研究，这些研究表明，左前房间隔损伤患者在专有名词命名方面存在特定缺陷，但仍能保持识别能力。ATL常见于颞叶癫痫（TLE）、创伤性脑损伤（TBI）和额颞叶痴呆（FTD），严重影响生活质量。由于功能性神经成像技术的技术限制（例如功能性MRI敏感性伪影），研究ATL的生理学非常困难。因此，ATL的研究依赖于病变数据和正电子发射 断层扫描（PET），缺乏空间分辨率，研究有力的左ATL亚区。颅内皮质电图（ECoG），通常用于癫痫发作定位，是一种新兴的技术，功能映射，规避这些限制，但以前没有用于研究ATL，因为传统的ECoG网格不符合ATL凸。拟议的工作将使用ECoG在接受左侧ECoG植入以进行癫痫定位的人类受试者中表征ATL的生理学和连接性。一种新的ECoG阵列已经开发和实施，提供了密集的覆盖ATL癫痫发作定位和功能映射。使用这个数组，我们将描述ATL的视觉和听觉专有名词命名的反应，然后描述连接的ATL的感觉皮层，支持命名。使用分类器分析技术，与特定类别（演员、政治家、地标、工具）和特定实体（比尔·克林顿、巴拉克·奥巴马）相关的神经活动将被解码，以定义左ATL的组织和功能子区域。利用电刺激束追踪（EST），将明确梭状回和上级颞回之间的解剖和功能联系。在专有名词命名过程中获得的ECoG数据的相位同步分析将用于映射梭状回或上级颞回与ATL之间的功能连接。这些实验的结果将提供新的和及时的知识的生理和连接的左ATL执行专有名词命名。拟议的工作将产生重要的知识与ATL损伤患者的认知功能障碍的介导机制，并有可能影响神经外科的语言优势颞叶，以节省以前未定义的功能分区的左ATL。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) is crucial for retrieving names for proper nouns. Evidence for this comes from lesions studies that demonstrate a specific deficit in proper noun naming, with preservation of recognition, in patients with left ATL damage. The ATL is commonly encountered in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), traumatic brain injury (TBI), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), where it significantly impacts quality of life. Studying the physiology of the ATL is extremely difficult because of technical limitations imposed by functional neuroimaging techniques (e.g. functional MRI susceptibility artifact). Thus, studies of the ATL have relied on lesion data and positron emission tomography (PET), which lack the spatial resolution to study eloquent left ATL subregions. Intracranial electrocortiography (ECoG), typically used for seizure localization, is an emerging technique for functional mapping that circumvents these limitations, but has not been previously used to study the ATL since traditional ECoG grids do not conform to the ATL convexity. The proposed work will characterize the physiology and connectivity of the ATL using ECoG in human subjects undergoing left ECoG implantation for seizure localization. A novel ECoG array has been developed and implemented that provides dense coverage of the ATL for seizure localization and functional mapping. Using this array, we will describe ATL responses to visual and auditory proper noun naming, and then characterize connectivity of the ATL to sensory cortices that support naming. Using classifier analysis techniques, the neural activity associated with specific categories (actors, politicians, landmarks, tools) and specific entities (Bill Clinto, Barak Obama) will be decoded to define the organization and functional subregions of the left ATL. Using electrical stimulation tract tracing (ESTT), the anatomical and functional connections between fusiform gyrus and superior temporal gyrus will be defined. Phase synchrony analysis of ECoG data obtained during proper noun naming will be used to map functional connections between the fusiform gyrus or superior temporal gyrus, and the ATL. The results of these experiments will provide new and timely knowledge of the physiology and connectivity of the left ATL to perform proper noun naming. The proposed work will generate important knowledge of the mechanisms mediating cognitive dysfunction in patients with ATL damage and has the potential to influence neurosurgery of the language dominant temporal lobe to spare previously undefined functional subregions of the left ATL.