Periodontal Infections and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk

2型糖尿病（糖尿病）是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题。慢性感染已被认为是糖尿病的潜在危险因素，牙周感染和糖尿病之间存在已知的关联。虽然人们普遍认为牙周感染是糖尿病的一个后果，但越来越多的人支持牙周感染可能导致糖尿病的假设，尽管对这一主题的研究有限。支持牙周感染作为许多其他系统性疾病的危险因素的证据（即，心血管疾病和妊娠结局）继续增长，并进一步支持。目前的研究计划。此外，最近的报告暗示炎症是糖尿病发病的一个强有力的危险因素。由于炎症反应是牙周病理学的一个中心方面，因此，研究炎症是否可能介导牙周病和糖尿病之间的关联，或者仅仅是两种疾病过程的潜在贡献者是很有意义的。目前的建议旨在验证牙周感染是糖尿病发病的一个致病因素的假设。将评估已知牙周病原体的基线暴露，以观察感染暴露的增加是否与空腹血糖和胰岛素水平的加速进展相关。这将在基线入组时年龄为25 - 55岁的男性和女性人群中使用n=300名受试者的纵向队列设计来实现。拟定设计将仔细控制潜在混杂因素，如空腹血糖、胰岛素、血脂、肥胖、饮食、年龄、吸烟、种族和性别的基线水平。

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (diabetes) is a growing public health problem. Chronic infections have been suggested as a potential risk factor for diabetes and there is a known association between periodontal infections and diabetes. Although it is generally believed that periodontal infections are a consequence of existing diabetes, there is growing support for the hypothesis that periodontal infections might contribute tq diabetogenesis, although research on this topic is limited. The evidence supporting the role of periodontal infections as a risk factor for a number of other systemic diseases (i.e., cardiovascular disease and pregnancy outcomes) continues to grow and further supports the rationale for. the current research proposal. Furthermore, recent reports implicate inflammation as a strong risk factor for incident diabetes. Since the inflammatory response is a central aspect of periodontal pathology, it is of interest to explore whether or not inflammation might mediate the association between periodontal disease and diabetes, or simply be an underlying contributor to both disease processes. The current proposal aims to test the hypothesis that periodontal infection is an etiologic factor in the development of diabetes. Baseline exposure to known periodontal pathogens will be assessed to see if elevated infectious exposure is associated with accelerated progression of fasting glucose and insulin levels. This will be achieved using a longitudinal cohort design among n=300 participants in a population of men and women aged 25 - 55 years at baseline enrollment. The proposed design will carefully control for potential confounders such as baseline levels of fasting glucose, insulin, lipids, obesity, diet, age, smoking, ethnicity and gender.