Scientific Core

药物滥用的健康和经济后果。在美国，物质使用是一个重大的公共卫生问题，超过5780万12岁或以上的美国人酗酒，1990万12岁或以上的人使用非法药物。近四分之一的美国人吸烟，吸烟仍然是美国发病率和死亡率的主要可预防原因（2）超过2230万美国人符合标准 青年人使用药物也仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。根据学校的。 监测未来的研究，几乎一半（47%）的所有12年级学生尝试过非法药物在他们的一生。大麻是美国青少年使用的最普遍的非法精神活性物质。(2)43%的12年级学生报告使用大麻。此外，这个年龄段的年轻人中有72%使用过酒精，超过55%的人喝醉过。这一群体中约有45%的人吸烟。此外，非医疗费用 青年人中处方阿片类药物的使用近年来显著增加（例如，在过去的一年中，十分之一的12年级学生报告非医疗使用Vicodin）（3）。物质使用导致许多重大的社会、医疗、心理和经济后果，并与显著的生产力损失、犯罪和医疗保健费用有关，包括疾病和传染病，如艾滋病毒和肝炎。 在美国，大约五分之一的死亡（每年超过一百五十万人）是由于药物使用（4）。最近的估计表明，美国SUD的成本超过5000亿美元（5）。

Health and economic consequences of substance abuse. Substance use is a significant public health issue in the U.S. Over 57.8 million Americans aged 12 or older binge drink and 19.9 million individuals aged 12 or older use illicit drugs. Nearly one-fourth of Americans smoke cigarettes, and cigarette smoking remains the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the U.S(2) Over 22.3 million Americans meet criteria for a SUD Substance use among youth also remains a major public health problem. According to the schoolbased. Monitoring the Future study , almost half (47%) of all 12 graders have tried an illicit drug in their lifetime. Cannabis is the most prevalent illicit psychoactive substance used by adolescents in the U.S.(2) with 43% of 12th graders reporting marijuana use. Additionally, 72% of youth in this age group have used alcohol, and over 55% have been drunk. Approximately 45% of this group has used cigarettes. Further, rates of nonmedical use of prescripfion opioids among youth have markedly increased in the recent past (e.g., 1 in ten 12th graders report non-medical use of Vicodin in the past year)(3). Substance use results in numerous, significant social, medical, psychological, and economic consequences and is associated with marked productivity losses, criminality, and health care costs, including illness and infectious diseases, such as HIV and hepatifis. Approximately one in five deaths in the U.S. (more than one-half million persons each year) is a result of substance use(4). Recent esfimates indicate that the cost of SUDs in the U.S. is over one-half trillion dollars(5).