Self-Regulation, Immunological Aging, and Health in Older Adults

描述（由申请人提供）：老年人面临许多健康问题的高风险，包括心血管疾病、传染病和癌症。这种风险的基础至少部分是免疫老化，但并非所有老年人都经历相同程度的免疫老化，也不是他们经历相同的健康风险和健康问题。这个项目的目的是测量老年人自我调节的个体差异和变化，并将自我调节与主观健康，健康风险和临床联系起来。 免疫老化的相关标志物，包括炎症和淋巴细胞终末分化和复制性衰老的标志物。这是这项纵向研究的竞争性更新，该研究始于2001年，并于2006年获得R 01资助，由一个在衰老，自我调节，神经心理学，自主和炎症生物学，免疫学以及纵向设计和分析方面具有专业知识的研究团队提交。第一阶段的研究重点是风险因素，特别是压力和重复性思维，以及它们对心理健康、主观健康和免疫反应的影响。更新继续评估这些风险因素，以提供纵向数据集的连续性，并在评估可能促进健康老龄化和减轻风险影响的因素方面增加创新。具体而言，本研究的目的是，首先，测试自我调节星座（包括自我调节，执行认知功能和心率变异性[HRV]）对主观心理，社会和身体健康以及免疫老化标志物的影响。其次，我们将测试这一星座与年龄和压力等风险因素之间的关系。第三，我们将测试星座缓和风险效应的能力。另一个目的是支持“呼吁合作”，我们建议与其他研究人员合作，他们的假设可以用2001年到目前更新的研究数据进行检验。每隔6个月，老年人（N = 150）将完成自我调节星座的测量：行为，情绪，社会和认知自我调节;执行认知功能，包括抑制，转移和工作记忆;和静息HRV。他们将完成风险的测量，包括压力，疼痛，体力活动，BMI和腰围。最后，他们将完成心理健康的测量，包括抑郁症，认知和身体健康，以及婚姻满意度。抽血将与这些访视同步，对这些样本进行的测定将捕获免疫老化的两个方面：血清促炎细胞因子及其可溶性受体的增加以及T细胞和NK细胞终末分化和衰老标志物的增加。这一更新将在自我调节和风险的综合评估方面具有创新性;纵向设计允许研究变化和滞后，中介和双向影响;以及关注自我调节在健康老龄化中的作用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Older adults are at high risk for a number of health problems, including cardiovascular disease, infectious disease, and cancer. Underlying at least part of this risk is immunological aging, but not all older adults experience immunological aging to the same degree, nor do they experience the same health risk and health problems. The purpose of this project is to measure individual differences and changes in self-regulation over time in older adults and to link self-regulation to subjective health, health risks, and clinically relevant markers of immunological aging, including inflammation and markers of lymphocyte terminal differentiation and replicative senescence. This is a competing renewal of this longitudinal study, which began in 2001 and received R01 funding in 2006, submitted by a research team with expertise in aging, self-regulation, neuropsychology, autonomic and inflammatory biology, immunology, and longitudinal design and analysis. The first period of the study focused on risk factors, especially stress and repetitive thought, and their effects on psychological well-being, subjective health, and immune response to vaccination. The renewal continues assessment of these risk factors to provide continuity in this longitudinal dataset and adds innovation in the assessment of factors that may promote healthy aging and mitigate against effects of risks. Specifically, the aims of the study are, first, to test the effects of a elf-regulatory constellation (comprising self-regulation, executive cognitive function, and heart rate variability [HRV]) on subjective psychological, social, and physical health and markers of immunological aging. Second, we will test the relationships between this constellation and risk factors such as age and stress. Third, we will test the ability of the constellation to moderate rik effects. A further aim is to support a "call for collaboration" in which we propose to work with other investigators whose hypotheses can be tested with study data from 2001 through the current renewal. At 6- month intervals, older adults (N = 150) will complete measures of the self-regulatory constellation: behavioral, emotional, social, and cognitive self-regulation; executive cognitive functions including inhibition, shifting, and working memory; and resting HRV. They will complete measures of risk including stress, pain, physical activity, BMI, and waist circumference. Finally, they will complete measures of psychosocial health including depression, perceived cognitive and physical health, and marital satisfaction. Blood draws will be synchronized with these visits, and assays performed on these samples will capture two aspects of immunological aging: increases in serum proinflammatory cytokines and their soluble receptors and increases in markers of terminal differentiation and senescence in T cells and NK cells. This renewal will be innovative in its comprehensive assessment of self-regulation as well as risk; the longitudinal design that allows for the study of change and lagged, mediational, and bidirectional effects; and the focus on the role of self-regulation in healthy aging.