Psychosocial and Health-Related Influences on Response Time Inconsistency in Old

描述(申请人提供)：最近的研究已经确定了反应时间(RT)潜伏期的试验间变异性，称为RT不一致性，这是正常认知功能、认知老化的重要行为指标，也是认知病理以及脑和中枢神经系统(CNS)功能障碍的潜在早期指标。实验和理论研究表明，RT不一致性可能反映了认知加工效率的相对无害的波动，以及大脑和中枢神经系统功能的更有害的妥协，并且RT不一致性容易受到与状态和特质类似的心理社会(增加的压力/痛苦)和健康(增加的疼痛、慢性健康/疾病)相关的影响。然而，很少有研究系统地消除状态样和特质样变异在RT不一致性中的歧义，或者直接检查与心理社会和健康相关的危险因素与老年RT不一致性增加的相关性。这些问题对于理解RT不一致性作为大脑健康的行为指标的广泛效用以及影响认知老化的潜在的可改变的心理社会和健康相关力量来说是关键的挑战。我们的项目利用了三项基于RT的认知老化(65岁及以上)的测量突发研究的数据，以调查心理社会和健康相关对RT不一致性中状态样和特质样变化的影响，以及两者之间的关联 老年时反应时不一致性与认知功能之间的关系。本研究将针对三个目标：目标1考察心理社会因素(即压力、情感)和健康因素(即疼痛、血管功能、肺功能)对人内和人与人之间反应时不一致性的影响；目的2考察心理社会和健康相关因素对反应时不一致性的影响；目标3考察人与人之间反应时不一致性的人与人之间的差异以及不同量度的反应时不一致性的使用。这项工作的意义在于提高了对以下内容的认识：1)潜在的可改变的心理社会和健康相关风险因素，导致RT不一致性增加和认知老化；RT不一致作为认知和脑功能状态和特征样波动的一种简短、低成本和敏感的行为标记。这项工作的创新之处包括：1)超越传统的群体/个体差异方法，明确地将RT不一致性视为受心理社会和健康相关因素影响的不稳定结构；我们对三个数据集的目标进行了协调分析，以提供对结果的可靠性和普适性的严格检查，并就RT不一致的操作定义达成共识。这项工作的影响来自于提高我们对可能对认知健康产生直接和累积影响的可改变的心理社会和健康相关影响的理解，以及识别对状态和特质样影响敏感的简短、低成本的行为标记(RT不一致性)，在临床和基础研究环境中具有潜在的实用价值。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent research has identified trial-to-trial variability in response time (RT) latencies, termed RT inconsistency, an important behavioral indicator of normal cognitive function, cognitive aging, and as a potential early indicator of cognitive pathology, and brain and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Empirical and theoretical work has suggested that RT inconsistency may reflect relatively innocuous fluctuations in cognitive processing efficiency, as well as more deleterious compromises in brain and CNS function, and that RT inconsistency is susceptible to state-like and trait-like psychosocial- (increased stress/distress) and health- (increased pain, chronic health/disease conditions) related influences. However, little research has systematically disambiguated state-like and trait-like variation in RT inconsistency, or directly examined associations with psychosocial- and health-related risk factors for increased RT inconsistency in old age. These issues represent critical challenges for understanding the broad utility of RT inconsistency as a behavioral indicator of brain health, and the potentially-modifiable psychosocial- and health-related forces that influence cognitive aging. Our project draws on data from three measurement burst studies of RT-based cognitive aging (ages 65 and older) for investigating psychosocial and health-related influences on state-like and trait- like variation in RT inconsistency, and the association between RT inconsistency and cognitive function during old age. This study will address three aims: Aim 1 examines the psychosocial- (i.e., stress, affect) and health- (i.e., pain, vascular function, pulmonary function)-related influences on RT inconsistency within-persons over time and between-persons; Aim 2 examines the influence of psychosocial and health-related factors on aging- related changes in RT inconsistency; and Aim 3 examines between- and within-person variation in RT inconsistency and the use of different quantifications of RT inconsistency. The significance of this work lies in the improved understanding of: 1.) potentially modifiable psychosocial- and health-related risk factors for increased RT inconsistency and cognitive aging; and 2.) RT inconsistency as a brief, low cost and sensitive behavioral marker of both state- and trait-like fluctuations in cognitive and brain function. The innovation of this work includes: 1.) moving beyond traditional group/individual difference approaches to explicitly consider RT inconsistency as a labile construct influenced by psychosocial- and health-related factors; and 2.) the coordinated analysis of our aims across three datasets to provide a rigorous examination of the reliability and generalizability of results, and to provide a consensus on the operational definition of RT inconsistency. The impact of this work derives from improving our understanding of the modifiable psychosocial- and health- related influences that may have immediate and cumulative effects on cognitive health, and the identification of a brief, low-cost, behavioral marker (RT inconsistency) of cognitive health sensitive to state- and trait-like influences with potential utility in clinical and basic research settings.