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Psychosocial and Health-Related Influences on Response Time Inconsistency in Old

心理社会和健康相关对老年人反应时间不一致的影响

基本信息

批准号：
8724328
负责人：
Robert Steven Stawski
金额：
$ 16.31万
依托单位：
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-09-16 至 2016-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent research has identified trial-to-trial variability in response time (RT) latencies, termed RT inconsistency, an important behavioral indicator of normal cognitive function, cognitive aging, and as a potential early indicator of cognitive pathology, and brain and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Empirical and theoretical work has suggested that RT inconsistency may reflect relatively innocuous fluctuations in cognitive processing efficiency, as well as more deleterious compromises in brain and CNS function, and that RT inconsistency is susceptible to state-like and trait-like psychosocial- (increased stress/distress) and health- (increased pain, chronic health/disease conditions) related influences. However, little research has systematically disambiguated state-like and trait-like variation in RT inconsistency, or directly examined associations with psychosocial- and health-related risk factors for increased RT inconsistency in old age. These issues represent critical challenges for understanding the broad utility of RT inconsistency as a behavioral indicator of brain health, and the potentially-modifiable psychosocial- and health-related forces that influence cognitive aging. Our project draws on data from three measurement burst studies of RT-based cognitive aging (ages 65 and older) for investigating psychosocial and health-related influences on state-like and trait- like variation in RT inconsistency, and the association between RT inconsistency and cognitive function during old age. This study will address three aims: Aim 1 examines the psychosocial- (i.e., stress, affect) and health- (i.e., pain, vascular function, pulmonary function)-related influences on RT inconsistency within-persons over time and between-persons; Aim 2 examines the influence of psychosocial and health-related factors on aging- related changes in RT inconsistency; and Aim 3 examines between- and within-person variation in RT inconsistency and the use of different quantifications of RT inconsistency. The significance of this work lies in the improved understanding of: 1.) potentially modifiable psychosocial- and health-related risk factors for increased RT inconsistency and cognitive aging; and 2.) RT inconsistency as a brief, low cost and sensitive behavioral marker of both state- and trait-like fluctuations in cognitive and brain function. The innovation of this work includes: 1.) moving beyond traditional group/individual difference approaches to explicitly consider RT inconsistency as a labile construct influenced by psychosocial- and health-related factors; and 2.) the coordinated analysis of our aims across three datasets to provide a rigorous examination of the reliability and generalizability of results, and to provide a consensus on the operational definition of RT inconsistency. The impact of this work derives from improving our understanding of the modifiable psychosocial- and health- related influences that may have immediate and cumulative effects on cognitive health, and the identification of a brief, low-cost, behavioral marker (RT inconsistency) of cognitive health sensitive to state- and trait-like influences with potential utility in clinical and basic research settings.

描述（由申请人提供）：最近的研究已经确定了反应时间（RT）潜伏期的试验间变异性，称为RT不一致，是正常认知功能、认知衰老的重要行为指标，也是认知病理、脑和中枢神经系统（CNS）功能障碍的潜在早期指标。经验和理论工作表明，RT不一致可能反映了认知加工效率的相对无害的波动，以及大脑和中枢神经系统功能的更有害的妥协，并且RT不一致容易受到状态和特征样的社会心理-（增加压力/痛苦）和健康-（增加疼痛，慢性健康/疾病状况）相关影响。然而，很少有研究系统地消除了RT不一致的状态样和性状样变化，或直接检查了老年时RT不一致增加与社会心理和健康相关风险因素的关联。这些问题对理解RT不一致性作为大脑健康行为指标的广泛应用以及影响认知衰老的潜在可改变的社会心理和健康相关力量提出了关键挑战。我们的项目利用了基于RT的认知衰老（65岁及以上）的三个测量突发研究的数据，以调查社会心理和健康相关对RT不一致的状态和特征变化的影响及其关联