Interactions Between Obesity Risk and Insufficient Sleep

描述(申请人提供)：当今生活的需求使时间变得非常宝贵。自愿减少睡眠是地方性的，许多成年人通常平均每晚睡6个小时。观察数据表明，睡眠时间越短，肥胖的可能性越大。低程度的慢性睡眠剥夺可能是肥胖症惊人增加的一个重要的、潜在的可纠正的行为因素。目前还没有明确的人类实验研究表明，睡眠不足是否真的有助于能量摄入的增加、能量消耗的变化和脂肪质量的增加。我们提出了一系列新的研究来调查睡眠限制所带来的能量平衡的异常。这些研究结合了最先进的技术来监测睡眠、食物摄入量、能量消耗、神经内分泌能量调节、身体成分，以及人类脂肪细胞生物学的翻译研究。我们将测量体重指数正常(20-25公斤/平方米)的健康受试者的食物摄入量、能量消耗(基础代谢率、食物的热效应和活动)、神经激素水平、身体脂肪含量，并获得脂肪细胞研究的脂肪活检。18名受试者(9名男性和9名女性)将随机接受交叉睡眠限制方案。在4天的基线评估后，这些受试者将经历14天的适度睡眠限制或控制期，然后是3天的恢复期。睡眠限制期间的测量值将与随机进入控制组时获得的测量值进行比较。在相同的时间内，睡眠限制和控制会议将在临床研究股接受类似的监测和测量。我们将测试以下假设：1.睡眠限制会导致卡路里摄入量增加2.睡眠限制不会改变能量消耗3.睡眠限制会导致正能量平衡和脂肪质量增加4.睡眠限制会导致脂肪细胞生物学的变化，导致瘦素信号受损我们的建议建立在既定的研究计划和令人信服的初步数据的基础上，第一，睡眠和肥胖的神经内分泌机制，第二，人类能量摄入和能量消耗的调节。这些研究将提供关键的见解，以了解睡眠限制是否会促进食物摄入量的增加和/或活动水平的减少，以及脂肪质量的增加，以及睡眠与能量平衡和肥胖风险相互作用的机制。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The demands of present day living have placed a premium on time. Voluntary sleep curtailment is endemic and many adults typically sleep an average of six hours per night. Observational data suggest that short sleep duration is associated with a greater likelihood of being obese. Low grade chronic sleep deprivation may constitute an important and potentially correctable behavioral factor in the alarming increase in obesity. There are no definitive experimental studies in humans showing whether insufficient sleep indeed contributes to increased energy intake, changes in energy expenditure, and an increase in fat mass. We propose a series of novel studies to investigate abnormalities in energy homeostasis imparted by sleep restriction. These studies combine state-of-the-art techniques for monitoring sleep, food intake, energy expenditure, neuroendocrine energy regulation, body composition, and translational studies of adipocyte biology in humans. We will measure food intake, energy expenditure (basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, and activity), neurohormone levels, body fat content, and obtain fat biopsies for studies of adipocytes, in healthy subjects with normal BMI (20-25 kg/m2). Eighteen subjects (9 men and 9 women) will be randomized to a cross-over protocol of sleep restriction. After a 4 day baseline evaluation, these subjects will undergo 14 days of modest sleep restriction or a control period followed by a 3 day recovery period. Measurements during sleep restriction will be compared to those obtained while randomized to the control session. Sleep restriction and control sessions will undergo similar monitoring and measurements in the Clinical Research Unit over the same duration. We will test the following hypotheses: 1. that sleep restriction results in increased caloric intake 2. That sleep restriction does not change energy expenditure 3. That sleeps restriction results in a positive energy balance and increased fat mass 4. That sleep restriction results in changes in adipocyte biology that lead to impaired leptin signaling Our proposal builds on established research programs and compelling preliminary data addressing first, neuroendocrine mechanisms in sleep and obesity, and second, the regulation of energy intake and energy expenditure in humans. These studies will provide pivotal insights into whether sleep restriction promotes increased food intake and/or reduced activity levels, and increased fat mass, and into the mechanisms by which sleep interacts with energy balance and obesity risk.