The Relation Between Physical Activity and Cognitive Change in Older Latinos

描述（由申请人提供）：认知能力下降是一个主要的公共健康问题，与其他美国老年人相比，对拉美裔老年人的影响可能不成比例。来自流行病学研究的越来越多的证据表明，体育活动（PA）是一种可改变的健康行为，可以改善老年人的认知功能并减少认知能力下降。尽管老年拉美裔人数不断增加，认知障碍风险增加，整体健康状况相对较差，但他们尚未被纳入PA和认知能力下降研究的目标。本研究旨在探讨生活方式对老年拉丁美洲人认知能力下降的影响。该研究将建立在认知和身体活动社区老年人研究（CAPACES）的基础上，收集第二个时间点的PA数据和认知功能。CAPACES是一项描述性横断面研究，研究对象为174名50岁及以上且基线时无行动障碍或痴呆的拉美裔人，研究对象来自芝加哥大都会区11个以拉美裔为主的社区。提出的研究目的是：(1)在控制背景特征（人口统计、文化适应、以前的健康状况）的情况下，检验生活方式PA（以自我报告和加速度计在基线测量）对老年拉丁美洲人5至6年后测量的认知功能变化的影响；(2)研究PA变化对基线背景特征与认知功能变化关系的中介作用。主观地，通过使用老年人社区健康活动模型计划（CHAMPS）对休闲和家庭PA进行自我报告来重新评估PA行为，客观地，通过Actigraph加速计来捕获PA计数、持续时间和强度。认知功能将通过执行功能和情景记忆的五组神经认知测试重新评估，这两种认知能力最常受到PA的影响。其他测量包括文化适应、糖尿病和高血压史以及流行病学研究中心抑郁量表。层次回归模型将用于回归在基线PA控制背景特征的五种认知功能测量（结果变量）的变化。将进行中介模型分析，由背景特征，PA变化和认知功能变化组成，为期5至6年。研究结果将为老年拉丁美洲人的干预措施的发展提供信息，增加生活方式PA以维持年龄的认知功能。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cognitive decline is a major public health problem that may disproportionately affect older Latinos compared to other older Americans. Growing evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that physical activity (PA), a modifiable health behavior, may improve cognitive function and reduce cognitive decline in older adults. Older Latinos have not been targeted for inclusion in studies of PA and cognitive decline, despite their growing numbers, their increased risk of cognitive impairment, and their relatively poor overall health status. The purpose of the proposed study is to explore the effect of lifestyle PA on cognitive decline in older Latinos. The study will build on the Cognition and Physical Activity Community Elderly Study (CAPACES) to collect a second time-point of PA data and cognitive function. CAPACES is a descriptive, cross-sectional study of 174 Latinos who were 50 years of age or older and without ambulatory disabilities or dementia at baseline, and recruited from 11 predominantly Latino communities in the Chicago metropolitan area. The proposed study aims are: (1) examine the effects of lifestyle PA, as measured with self-report and accelerometer at baseline, on change in cognitive function measured five to six years later in older Latinos, controlling for background characteristics (demographics, acculturation, previous health status); and (2) examine the mediating effects of change in PA on the relation between baseline background characteristics and change in cognitive function. PA behavior will be reassessed subjectively by self-report using the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) for leisure and household PA and objectively by the Actigraph accelerometer, which captures PA counts, duration, and intensity. Cognitive function will be reassessed with a battery of five neurocognitive tests of executive function and episodic memory, the cognitive abilities most frequently shown to be influenced by PA. Additional measures include acculturation, history of diabetes and hypertension, and Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale. A hierarchal regression model will be used to regress change in the five cognitive function measures (outcome variables) on baseline PA controlling for background characteristics. A mediation model analysis will be conducted, made up of background characteristics, change in PA, and change in cognitive function over five to six years. The study findings will inform the development of interventions for older Latinos that increase lifestyle PA to maintain cognitive function with age.