Activity space and measuring environmental exposure in behavioral research

 描述（由申请人提供）：该R21直接响应PAR-12-197关于改善饮食和体力活动评估。研究表明，环境影响生活方式行为，并导致健康方面的种族和社会经济不平等，但总体而言，结果不一致，影响范围很小。一个可能的解释是环境暴露的测量误差。尽管许多人花了相当长的时间在他们的近邻之外，大多数研究仅仅测量了受访者居住空间的环境暴露，而没有考虑到日常流动性。建议的R21的目的是研究联合空间和时间的稳定性的活动空间（AS）来自GPS数据在种族/民族和社会经济上不同的成年人样本。具体目标是：1。通过测试人在不同天数、不同类型的天数（例如，周末，工作日），以及周与周之间。2.通过检查季节内和季节之间个人AS的时间稳定性，确定仅使用一个时间段进行GPS跟踪的充分性。3.作为一个探索性的目标，我们将比较参与者AS来自GPS跟踪与来自问卷调查，比较的基础上的AS重叠，大小和环境属性。为了实现这些目标，我们将在芝加哥对144名非洲裔美国人、墨西哥裔美国人和白色成年人的社会经济多样化样本进行GPS跟踪，基线为30天，6个月后对子样本进行第二波跟踪。我们将使用加速度计测量身体活动，并使用多次24小时饮食回忆测量饮食摄入量。GIS将用于构建AS的测量（例如，路由网络缓冲器、核密度估计）和环境属性。这项研究将解决利用AS的环境和生活方式行为的下一代研究的进展的关键障碍。研究结果将提供必要的信息，为计划的R 01 AS环境属性的影响，生活方式的行为，在人口为基础的多民族样本的成年人。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This R21 is directly responding to the PAR-12-197 on Improving Diet and Physical Activity Assessment. Research suggests that the environment influences lifestyle behaviors and contributes to racial and socioeconomic inequities in health, but overall, results are inconsistent and effect sizes are small. One potential explanation is measurement error in environmental exposures. Despite that many individuals spend considerable time outside their immediate neighborhood, most research has solely measured environmental exposures in a respondent's residential space and failed to take into account daily mobility. The objective of the proposed R21 is to examine the joint spatial and temporal stability of activity spaces (AS) derived from GPS data in a racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of adults. Specific aims are: 1. Determine the optimal number and combination of days of GPS tracking needed to represent an individual's AS by testing the temporal stability within a person across days, types of days (e.g., weekend, weekdays), and between weeks. 2. Determine the sufficiency of using only one time period for GPS tracking by examining the temporal stability of an individual's AS within and between seasons. 3. As an exploratory aim, we will compare participant AS as derived from GPS tracking with those derived from questionnaires, with comparisons based on AS overlap, size, and environmental attributes. To achieve these aims, we will conduct GPS tracking with a socio-economically diverse sample of 144 African American, Mexican American, and white adults in Chicago for 30 days at baseline, with a second wave on a sub-sample six months later. We will measure physical activity using accelerometry and dietary intakes using multiple 24-hour dietary recalls. GIS will be used to construct measures of AS (e.g., route network buffer, kernel density estimation) and environmental attributes. This study will address key barriers to the advancement of a next generation of studies on the environment and lifestyle behaviors utilizing AS. Findings will supply essential information for a planned R01 on influences of AS environment attributes on lifestyle behaviors in a population-based multiethnic sample of adults.