Visual and Vestibular Percepts of Motion

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目旨在描述人类运动感知的特征，由视觉，前庭系统以及它们之间的相互作用介导。该项目分为3个主要领域：前庭感知，视觉前庭相互作用和视觉运动感知。前庭感知部分将集中在确定平移，航向知觉，旋转正常对照组和个人与单侧和双侧外周前庭病变的视觉线索的情况下。这些人群的差异可能会提供更好的理解前庭敏感性，包括潜在的方向偏差的敏感性在那些与单侧病变，并形成未来的诊断测试的基础。双侧前庭丧失的受试者可能提供了躯体感觉对运动知觉的滚动的线索。视觉在运动感知中具有重要作用，患者的头晕症状可能是由于视觉和前庭线索整合的紊乱。视觉和前庭感知之间最简单的相互作用发生在旋转过程中，在一个可见的，头部固定的物体存在的感知阈值附近。奇怪的是，在这种情况下，一个可见的物体已经被证明会降低运动感知阈值。我们计划研究这种影响与移动的物体和个人与已知的病理学在视觉前庭整合系统，如发生在偏头痛相关性眩晕（MAV）。使用这个范例，我们还计划探索自我和外旋之间的知觉差异。我们还计划在正常对照组、MAV和前庭病受试者中研究视觉-前庭相互作用在翻译过程中的作用，使用具有运动的光流来确定航向感知。通过这些实验，我们希望量化视觉和前庭感觉对运动知觉的影响，以及这些影响的相对重要性在病理状态下如何变化。许多先前的知觉研究使用2-交替强迫选择（2AFC）范式，这是科学严谨，但耗时。将探索加速测试并允许可能的临床应用的潜在捷径2AFC。对视觉运动（如电影屏幕上的场景平移或从移动车辆的侧窗向外看）的反应性头晕是MAV患者头晕投诉的一个迷失方向的来源，这通常限制了他们的日常活动。我们计划调查视觉运动作为这些受试者的诊断和康复策略的潜力。使用专门开发的基于网络的应用程序，控制和MAV科目将完成主观视觉垂直（SVV）的任务。将确定背景运动的影响以及对刺激的耐受性。受试者将随着时间的推移定期使用该应用程序，同时使用经验证的临床仪器定期报告其头晕症状。将研究该任务的潜在诊断价值、其与症状严重程度的相关性以及作为康复策略的潜力。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project aims to characterize human motion perception as mediated by vision, vestibular system, and the interactions between them. The project is divided into 3 main areas: vestibular perception, visual-vestibular interaction, and visual motion perception. The vestibular perception component will focus on determination of translation, heading perception, and rotation in normal controls and individuals with unilateral and bilateral peripheral vestibular lesions in the absence of visual cues. Differences in these populations may provide better understanding of vestibular sensitivity, including potential direction biases in sensitivity in those with unilateral lesions and form the basis of future diagnostic testing. Subjects with bilateral vestibular loss may provide clues to the roll of somatic sensation on motion perception. Vision has a significant role in motion perception, and patient's dizziness symptoms can result from derangements in integration of vision and vestibular cues. The most simple interaction between visual and vestibular perception occurs during rotation near the perceptual threshold in the presence of a visible, head fixed object. Paradoxically, in this situation a visible object has been shown to decrease the motion perception threshold. We plan to study this effect with moving objects and in individuals with known pathology in the visual-vestibular integration system such as occurs in migraine associated vertigo (MAV). Using this paradigm we also plan to explore perceptual differences between self and external rotation. We also plan to study the roles visual-vestibular interaction during translation using optic flow with motion to determine heading perception, in normal controls, MAV, and vestibulopathy subjects. Through these experiments we hope to quantify the influences of vision and vestibular senses on motion perception, and how the relative importance of these influences changes in pathological states. Many prior perceptual studies have used 2-alterative forced choice (2AFC) paradigms which are scientifically rigorous, but time consuming. Potential short cuts 2AFC that will speed testing and allow possible clinical applications will be explored. Dizziness in response to visual motion such as panning of the scene on a movie screen or looking out the side window of a moving vehicle is a disorienting source of dizziness complaints in MAV patients which often limits their daily activities. We plan to investigate the potential for visual motion as a diagnostic and rehabilitation strategy in these subjects. Using a specially developed web-based application, control and MAV subjects will complete a subjective visual vertical (SVV) task. The effect of background motion will be determined as well as tolerance to the stimuli. Subjects will regularly use the application over time while periodically reporting their dizziness symptoms using validated clinical instruments. The potential diagnostic value of the task, its correlation with symptom severity, and potential as a rehabilitation strategy will be investigated.