Utility of Olfactory Function Measures in Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案概述了由独立之路奖（K99/R 00）资助的研究和培训。该奖项的前两年的培训目标是促进神经影像学和人类行为评估方面的培训，为我在学术界的转化研究生涯做好准备，并加速我走向独立的进程。在K99阶段，我将完成以下目标的研究项目：（1）确定嗅觉功能测量在区分产前酒精暴露（PAE）儿童与非暴露的典型发育对照儿童（CON）和特发性注意缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）儿童中的效用;以及（2）了解这些儿童群体中导致他们行为的神经差异。我将接受强化培训，以获得进行神经影像学研究所需的专业知识。我也将开始使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）研究PAE，ADHD和CON儿童的中央嗅觉处理系统的差异。我将通过参加相关的研讨会和科学会议，发表我的研究成果，以及面试独立的教师职位来促进我的职业发展。爱德华·莱利博士、克莱尔·墨菲博士和杰伊·吉德博士分别是胎儿酒精谱系障碍、化学感觉和儿科神经发育领域的专家。圣地亚哥州立大学和加州大学圣地亚哥分校行为畸形学中心的合作研究和培训环境将为我提供必要的资源，以完成本提案中概述的目标。在为期3年的R 00阶段，我将确立自己作为独立研究者的新角色，并继续我对PAE和ADHD儿童嗅觉功能的研究，目标如下：（1）检查注意缺陷，嗅觉功能，神经激活模式和兴奋剂治疗反应之间的关系;和（2）使用小鼠模型确定嗅觉功能测量在预测PAE儿童对精神兴奋剂治疗的慢性反应中的价值。本提案中描述的工作符合NIAAA的使命，即“改善FASD的诊断，增加对酒精对未出生婴儿影响的了解，并制定有效的干预措施，以减轻对产前暴露于酒精的人的健康影响。"

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal outlines research and training to occur with funding from a Pathway to Independence Award (K99/R00). The training objective during the first two years of the award is to foster training in neuroimaging and human behavioral assessment to prepare me for a translational research career in academia, and accelerate my progress towards independence. During the K99 phase, I will complete research projects with the following goals: (1) determine the utility of olfactory function measures for distinguishing children with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) from non-exposed typically developing control children (CON) and children with idiopathic attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); and (2) understand the neural dissimilarities in these groups of children that contribute to their behavior. I will undertake an intensive training regimen to obtain the necessary expertise to conduct neuroimaging research. I will also begin studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate differences in central olfactory processing systems in PAE, ADHD and CON children. I will promote my career development by attending relevant seminars and scientific conferences, publishing my research findings, and interviewing for independent faculty positions. The proposed mentors, Drs. Edward Riley, Claire Murphy, and Jay Giedd are experts in the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, chemical senses, and pediatric neurodevelopment fields, respectively. The collaborative research and training environments at the Center for Behavioral Teratology, San Diego State University, and University of California, San Diego will provide me with the necessary resources to complete the aims outlined in this proposal. In the 3-year R00 phase of the award, I will establish myself in my new role as an independent researcher and continue my research on olfactory functioning in children with PAE and ADHD with the following goals: (1) examine the relationship between attention deficits, olfactory function, neural activation patterns and stimulant treatment responses; and (2) determine the value of olfactory function measures in predicting chronic responses to psychostimulant treatments in children with PAE using a mouse-model. The work described in this proposal is in line with NIAAA's mission for "improving diagnosis of FASD, increasing the understanding of the effects of alcohol on the unborn child, and developing effective interventions to mitigate the health effects on those prenatally exposed to alcohol."