Understanding the Impact of School-Based Physical Activity Programs

描述（由申请人提供）：中等到剧烈的身体活动（MVPA）与许多身心健康益处相关，但不到一半的学龄儿童达到建议的每日60分钟的MVPA。尽管MVPA和学业成绩之间存在正相关关系，但只有12%的州强制执行医学研究所（IOM）建议的小学阶段每周150分钟的体育锻炼。此外，与社会经济地位较高的学校相比，社会经济地位较低的学校在体育活动（PA）支持政策、活动和环境方面的差异，可能导致社会经济地位较低的儿童的MVPA上学时间更少。需要适应性强且可扩展的学校PA项目，以解决社会经济弱势和种族多样化学区中服务不足的学童获得PA机会的差异。2013年秋季，活跃学校加速项目（ASAP）为700所美国小学提供了小额赠款，用于在2013-2014学年实施屡获殊荣的学校PA项目，其中包括：1)100英里俱乐部，一个在校期间提供的步行和跑步项目；2)Just Move，一个以教室为基础的PA休息项目。2014-2015学年，这些项目将在全国范围内进一步扩大；然而，他们对增加MVPA和学业成绩的影响尚未得到严格的评估。本应用程序的总体目标是在一项随机对照研究中，检查在小学实施的两个PA计划，100英里俱乐部和Just Move，对缺乏服务的学童的体育活动参与和学业成功的影响。感兴趣的结果包括上学时间和每日总MVPA，认知表现和学业成绩。我们将进一步研究儿童水平的PA项目参与的相关关系和学校水平的项目覆盖的相关关系。我们建议通过研究实施100英里俱乐部（n=7）或Just Move （n=7）的学校的儿童，与马萨诸塞州服务不足且肥胖率高的学区的对照学校（n=7）进行比较，来评估这些结果。结果将在5个月和1.5岁时使用加速度计、标准化认知表现评估和标准化测试分数进行评估。这项随机对照研究将回答一个重要的问题，即以学校为基础的PA计划是否是一种有效的策略，以提高缺乏服务的学童的日常MVPA和学业成功。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with a multitude of physical and mental health benefits, yet fewer than half of school-aged children achieve the recommended 60 minutes of daily MVPA. Only 12 percent of states mandate the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) recommendation of 150 minutes of physical education per week at the elementary level, despite a positive association between MVPA and academic achievement. Further, disparities in physical activity (PA)-supporting policies, activities, and environments between lower-socioeconomic status (SES) schools compared to higher-SES schools, may result in even fewer minutes of school-time MVPA for lower-SES children. Adaptable and scalable school-based PA programs are needed to address disparities in PA opportunities available to underserved schoolchildren in socioeconomically disadvantaged and racially diverse school districts. In the fall of 2013, the Active Schools Acceleration Project (ASAP) provided 700 U.S. elementary schools with micro-grants to implement award winning school-based PA programs during the 2013-2014 school year, either 1) The 100 Mile Club, a walking and running program offered throughout the school day, or 2) Just Move, a classroom-based PA break program. In the 2014-2015 school year, these programs will be further expanded nationwide; however their impact on increased MVPA and academic success among underserved children has yet to be rigorously evaluated. The overall objective of this application is to examine the impact of two PA programs implemented in elementary schools, 100 Mile Club and Just Move, on physical activity engagement and academic success in underserved schoolchildren in a randomized controlled study. Outcomes of interest include school-time and total daily MVPA, cognitive performance, and academic achievement. We will further examine child-level correlates of PA program participation and school-level correlates of program reach. We propose to assess these outcomes by studying children in schools implementing either 100 Mile Club (n=7) or Just Move (n=7) compared to control schools (n=7) within underserved school districts with high obesity rates in Massachusetts. Outcomes will be assessed at 5 months and 1.5 years using accelerometry, a standardized cognitive performance assessment, and standardized test scores. This randomized and controlled study will answer the important question of whether school-based PA programs are an effective strategy to improve daily MVPA and academic success among underserved schoolchildren.