Dissociating Components of Anhedonia: Pilot Behavioral and fMRI Data for the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task

 描述（由申请人提供）：快感缺乏，对奖励体验的动机和敏感性降低，存在于至少1/3的社区居住老年人中，是各种精神和神经系统疾病的特征，包括晚年抑郁症和帕金森病。快感缺失与认知缺陷、不良临床结局和死亡率增加相关。最近的研究表明，快感缺失包括动机（奖励“想要”）和完成（奖励“喜欢”）方面。然而，以往对快感缺乏的研究未能将这些成分分离开来，这可能解释了文献中相互矛盾的发现。最近，努力支出奖励任务（EEfRT）的发展，努力分离的奖励成分在快感缺失。EEfRT是一种基于努力的决策任务，测量奖励“想要”，而通常使用的快感缺失问卷则侧重于奖励“喜欢”。“这项新的任务可能为老年人和不同患者群体的快感缺失成分提供有用的测量。到目前为止，还没有关于老年人这项任务的数据，[包括年轻人和老年人任务组成部分的认知和神经相关性。由于缺乏对快感缺乏的神经生物学研究，使用此任务的认知神经科学研究可以填补文献中的空白。我们正在开发一系列认知神经科学研究，检查社区居住的老年人和晚年抑郁症和帕金森氏病的快感缺失。为了收集初步数据，为更大的拨款申请，以资助这些项目，我们提出了一项研究，将涉及收集试点行为和功能磁共振成像（fMRI）数据在年轻人和老年人执行EEfRT任务。了解老年人和不同患者人群中快感缺乏的大脑机制将通过阐明治疗的生物靶点产生翻译影响。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Anhedonia, decreased motivation for and sensitivity to rewarding experiences, is present in at least 1/3 of community dwelling older adults and is a feature of various psychiatric and neurological disorders, including late-life depression and Parkinson's disease. Anhedonia is associated with cognitive deficits, as well as poor clinical outcomes and increased mortality. Recent research suggests that anhedonia comprises motivational (reward "wanting") and consummatory (reward "liking") aspects. However, previous research on anhedonia has failed to dissociate these components, which may explain the contradictory findings in the literature. Recently, the Effort-Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT) was developed in an effort to dissociate reward components in anhedonia. The EEfRT is an effort-based decision-making task that measures reward "wanting", in contrast to commonly used anhedonia questionnaires, which focus on reward "liking." This novel task may provide a useful measure of components of anhedonia in older adults and in different patient populations. Thus far no data is available on this task in elderly individuals, [including cognitiv and neural correlates of components of the task in young and older adults.] Given the paucity of research on the neurobiology of anhedonia, cognitive neuroscience studies using this task could fill a gap in the literature. We are developing a line of cognitive neuroscience studies examining ahedonia in community-dwelling older adults and in late-life depression and Parkinson's disease. In order to gather preliminary data for larger grant applications to fund these projects, we are proposing a study that will involve gathering pilot behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in young and older adults performing the EEfRT task. Understanding the brain mechanisms underlying anhedonia in older adults and in different patient populations will have a translational impact by elucidating biological targets for treatment.