Tailoring ultrasound technology to explore mechanisms of activation of the splenic neuroimmune axis in attenuating acute organ injury.

 描述（由申请人提供）：调节外周神经活动，作为心力衰竭、肥胖、癫痫、炎症、糖尿病、支气管收缩（形成慢性阻塞性肺病抗胆碱能治疗的基础）、偏头痛等的非药理学、神经免疫调节方法，也用于高血压（肾去神经支配）。 尽管证明了疗效，但最佳治疗方法和对潜在机制的精确理解仍然难以捉摸。 此外，大多数装置是侵入性的，通常需要外科手术。 因此，一种非侵入性的方法来调节周围神经活动可以提供一个器官保护有针对性的创新方法来理解神经免疫调节。 在过去的几年里，我们一直致力于使用聚焦脉冲超声来保护肾脏免受急性肾损伤（阿基），这是一种主要的健康负担，在预防或治疗方面没有重大的药理学进展。 我们报道了一种简单的超声（US）为基础的协议，减少组织和全身炎症，并防止缺血再灌注损伤（IRI）小鼠通过激活胆碱能抗炎通路（CAP）。 这种反射性神经免疫通路是通过其传入通路感知炎症和通过激活传出通路（脾CAP）传递抗炎信号从而保护外周器官功能的关键时刻。 我们的现有方法存在几个限制：i）使用人类规模的临床超声探头，ii）由于不适当的探头尺寸而不能靶向特定组织，iii）超声聚焦/脉冲参数的高度受限的范围。 选择目前可用的参数是为了解决在完全不同的临床/实验背景下的窄范围研究，这种限制排除了获得控制小鼠阿基的最佳参数的任何机会。 该多PI提案旨在利用超声技术（扫描仪操作、波束成形和换能器设计）和阿基动物模型方面的专业知识优势，开发和验证双功能超声探头，以极大提高分辨率来剖析神经免疫调节机制。 我们的新型高通用性、双功能超声探头将经过量身定制，能够在应用治疗能量之前或之后立即捕获实时图像，以控制神经活动和器官功能。 我们计划在一个描述良好的阿基炎症模型中测试该设备，该模型可以通过激活CAP的脉冲超声衰减。 我们在阿基中的测试结果可能对其他疾病具有重要意义，例如类风湿性关节炎，结肠炎，胰腺炎，心肌梗死等，并且换能器具有广泛的功能，可用于检查这些其他疾病中的神经免疫调节机制。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Modulation of peripheral nerve activity as a nonpharmacological, neuroimmumodulatory approach for heart failure, obesity, epilepsy, inflammation, diabetes, bronchoconstriction (forming the basis of anticholinergic treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), migraines and others and has also been used in hypertension (renal denervation). Despite demonstrated efficacy, optimal therapeutic approaches and a precise understanding of the underlying mechanisms, continue to remain elusive. Moreover most devices are invasive often requiring surgical procedures. Thus, a noninvasive method to modulate peripheral nerve activity could provide an organ protection has targeted innovative approach to understanding neuroimmunomodulation. Over the last few years, we have concentrated our efforts on the use of focused, pulsed ultrasound to protect kidneys from acute kidney injury (AKI), a major health burden with no major pharmacological advances in its prevention or treatment. We reported a simple ultrasound (US)-based protocol that reduced tissue and systemic inflammation and prevented ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice by activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP). This reflex neuro-immune pathway is a critical juncture in sensing inflammation through its afferent pathway and transmitting anti-inflammatory cues through activation of an efferent pathway (the splenic CAP) thereby preserving peripheral organ function. There are several limitations to our prior approach: i) the use of a human scale clinical ultrasound probe, ii) the inability to target speciic tissues because of the inappropriate probe dimensions, iii) the highly restricted range of ultrasonic focusing / pulsing parameters. The currently available parameters were chosen to address a narrow range of studies in a completely different clinical / experimental context and this limitation precludes any chance of arriving at optimal parameters for controlling mouse AKI. This multi-PI proposal seeks to leverage the strength of expertise in ultrasound technology (scanner operation, beamshaping and transducer design) and animal models of AKI to develop and validate a dual function ultrasound probe to dissect mechanisms of neuroimmunomodulation with greatly improved resolution. Our new high-versatility, dual function, ultrasound probe will be tailored to have the capability of capturing real-time images immediately before or after the application of therapeutic energy to control neural activity and organ function. We plan to test this device in a well-described inflammatory model of AKI, which can be attenuated through pulsed ultrasound that activates the CAP. Results from our tests in AKI may have significant implications in other diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, colitis, pancreatitis, myocardial infarction to name a few, and the transducer has broad functionality for examining neuroimmunomodulatory mechanisms in these other diseases.