Biology

青壮年肥胖、高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病和吸烟的估计患病率表明，在一个通常没有慢性病负担的年龄段，患心血管疾病(CVD)的风险高于预期。尽管有这一建议，但在生命的第四个十年中，心血管疾病风险的变化和表现还没有在一项针对处于肥胖流行前沿的美国年轻人的大型、当代或具有全国代表性的研究中进行研究。因此，计划项目调查人员建议将生物学数据和标本的收集纳入国家青少年健康纵向研究(ADD Health)的第五波。生物学数据将在确定多种慢性病的变化和发病方面发挥重要作用。拟议工作的重点是收集人体测量、心血管、代谢、炎症、肾脏和药物流行病学措施。这些措施是根据以下科学知识选择的：40岁以前慢性病发病率和死亡率的主要原因、特定生物过程在其原因和后果中的作用以及确定这些过程的既定措施的能力。生物学核心将监督来自Add Health队列的生物标本的收集、分析和存档要求。核心工作人员将清理、记录和解释化验结果，并将与传播核心合作，将这些数据提供给计划项目子项目和更大的研究社区。核心有多个目标：(1)确定、评估和建议创新、适当和可行的生物措施；(2)制定生物标本收集协议，并指导采访者进行标本采集培训；(3)监测通过与现场承包商和实验室互动收集的标本的质量；(4)监测从实验室收到的数据的质量，并监督生物数据的记录；(5)在项目调查员将生物数据纳入其分项目分析时，向他们提供咨询和建议；(6)就ADD Health生物数据的解释和使用与外部研究人员进行磋商；以及(7)对ADD Health研究议程提供科学领导和监督，将生物学纳入研究设计、目标和分析，方法是促进研究想法的发展，并参与使用生物标本和数据对拟议研究进行审查的过程。生物学核心由两名研究人员领导，他们在大型队列研究中收集生物标本方面拥有丰富的经验。该核心将与其他核心广泛合作，并将为子项目提供数据、协作和咨询。拟议的核心活动将有助于检验美国实现多重预防努力的积极目标的能力，这些目标包括到2020年将所有美国人的心血管健康改善20%，并相应减少20%的心血管死亡。这种审查将为许多层面的利益攸关方提供可操作的、及时的知识。

The estimated prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and smoking in young adulthood suggests a higher than anticipated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in an age group often characterized as unburdened by chronic illness. Despite that suggestion, changes in and manifestations of CVD risk through the fourth decade of life have not been examined in a large, contemporary, or nationally representative study of young U.S. adults at the forefront of the obesity epidemic. Therefore, Program Project investigators propose to include collection of biological data and specimens in Wave V of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). The biological data will be important in identifying change in and onset of multiple chronic diseases. The focus of the proposed effort is collection of anthropometric, cardiovascular, metabolic, inflammatory, renal and pharmacoepidemiologic measures. These measures were selected based on scientific knowledge of the leading causes of chronic disease morbidity and mortality through age 40, the role of specific biological processes in their causation and consequences, as well as the ability of established measures to characterize these processes. The Biology Core will oversee the collection, assay, and archival requirements of biological specimens from the Add Health cohort. Core staff will clean, document, and interpret assay results and will work with the Dissemination Core to make these data available to the Program Project subprojects and to the larger research community. The Core has multiple objectives: (1) to identify, evaluate, and recommend innovative, appropriate and feasible biological measures; (2) to develop protocols for the collection of biological specimens and guide interviewer training in specimen collection; (3) to monitor the quality of specimens collected through interaction with field contractors and laboratories; (4) to monitor quality of data received from laboratories and oversee documentation of biological data; (5) to provide consultation and advice to Program Investigators as they integrate biological data in their subproject analyses; (6) to consult with external researchers on interpretation and use of Add Health biological data; and (7) to provide scientific leadership and oversight of Add Health research agendas incorporating biology in study design, objectives, and analysis by contributing to the development of research ideas and participating in a review process of proposed research using biological specimens and data. The Biology Core is led by two researchers who have extensive experience collecting biological specimens in large cohort studies. This Core will collaborate extensively with other cores and will provide data, collaboration, and consultation to the subprojects. Proposed activities of the Core will be useful in examining the ability of the U.S. to meet the aggressive goals of multiple prevention efforts, including a 20% improvement in the cardiovascular health of all Americans and a corresponding 20% reduction in CVD deaths by 2020. Such examination will generate actionable, timely knowledge for stakeholders at many levels.