AGING AND THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH-IMPACT AND TRANSFORMATIVE RESEARCH

项目#2：老龄化与高影响力和变革性研究的产生 研究人员、研究机构和政策制定者都在推动高影响力和变革性 research.特别值得关注的是美国科学劳动力的老龄化，因为研究人员通常 被认为最有可能在年轻时完成最重要和最具变革性的工作。该项目将 记录科学工作者年龄分布的趋势，以解决以下问题： 年轻人对高影响力和变革性科学的主要贡献者？年长的从业者是否会窒息 变革性的研究，或者他们直接或间接地通过他们的 与年轻工人的互动（例如，合作）？根据我们现有的研究， 科学的变化，我们将挖掘数据（i）引用学术文章，（ii）科学词汇，（iii） 科学的领域/网络/市场结构，以（1）开发指标和可视化工具，以确定 高影响力和变革性的研究，它产生的时期，以及如何生产 高影响力和变革性的工作与领域的基本特征有关，包括研究人员的年龄 （2）记录相对于其他工作的高影响力和变革性工作的性质 工作和这些类型的工作之间的相互关系;（3）估计年龄结构如何 创新领域影响到这些领域产出的数量和质量。估计年龄结构 影响输出，我们将使用滞后值为字段的年龄结构生成工具， 以及重大事件（例如，取消强制退休和支持的突然变化，如 刺激支出）。分析将有助于我们理解年龄与生产的关系 高影响力的研究，并量化我们老龄化的科学劳动力的研究后果。的 我们开发的指标本身也很有趣，我们的可视化工具可以帮助更广泛的 科学政策界确定在哪些领域正在开展影响力大和变革性的工作，以及如何开展这些工作， 生产与领域的特点有关，包括它们的年龄、网络和市场结构。 相关性（参见说明）：t 研究机构越来越注重产生高影响力和变革性的研究。这 该项目将开发可供政策分析人员和研究人员使用的工具， 产生高影响力和变革性的研究，并评估我们老龄化的科学劳动力的影响 在这种研究的生产。

Project #2: Aging and the Production of High-Impact and Transformative Research Researchers, research institutions, and policy makers are all promoting high impact and transformative research. Of particular concern is the aging of the US scientific workforce, as researchers are typically viewed as most likely to produce their most important and transformative work when young. This project will document trends in the age distribution of the scientific workforce in order to address questions such as: Are the young primary contributors to high impact and transformative science? Do older practitioners stifle transformative research or do they facilitate radical change either directly or indirectly through their interaction with younger workers (e.g., collaboration)? Building on our existing research identifying radical scientific change, we will mine data on (i) citations to scholarly articles, (ii) scientific vocabulary, and (iii) the field / network / market structure of science to (1) develop metrics and visualization tools to identify high-impact and transformative research, the periods in which it is produced, and how the production of high-impact and transformative work relates to the underlying features of fields, including researcher age and collaboration networks; (2) document the nature of high-impact and transformative work relative to other work and the inter-relationships between these types of work; and (3) estimate how the age-structure of innovative fields affects the quantity and quality of output in those fields. To estimate how the age-structure of fields affects output, we will generate instruments for the age-structure of fields using lagged values as well as major events (e.g. the elimination of mandatory retirement and abrupt changes in support, such as stimulus spending). The analysis will contribute to our understanding of how age is related to the production of high-impact research and quantify the research consequences of our aging scientific workforce. The metrics we develop will also be of interest in their own right and our visualization tools help the broader science policy community identify where high impact and transformative work is being done and how their production relates to the characteristics of fields, including their age, network, and market structure. RELEVANCE (See instructions): t Research institutions are increasingly focusing on generating high-impact and transformative research. This project will develop tools that can be used by policy analysts and researchers to identify and visualize where high impact and transformative research is produced and assess the effect of our aging scientific workforce on the production of such research.