Outside-in signaling mechanisms of platelet integrin alpha-IIb-beta3

 描述（由申请方提供）：血小板粘附受体整合素αIIbβ3在止血中起着关键的生理作用，在血栓形成中也起着关键的病理作用， 心脏病和中风等血栓性疾病的发展。整合素拮抗剂是有效的抗血栓形成药物，但也有显着的出血不良反应，可能危及生命。因此，重要的是开发新一代的抗血栓药物，最小限度地引起出血的不良影响。整合素αIIbβ3不仅介导血小板粘附和聚集，而且双向传递信号：血小板内激动剂诱导的细胞内信号激活整合素αIIbβ3的细胞外配体结合功能（“由内向外”信号传导）。细胞外配体与αIIβ3的结合然后诱导“由外向内”信号，其引起细胞应答，例如血小板铺展、颗粒分泌和血小板依赖性凝块收缩。“由外向内信号传导”反应在放大和稳定血栓中至关重要，这在闭塞性血栓中至关重要。在目前的资助期间，我们已经证明G蛋白亚基Gα13直接与talin结合位点之间的几个整合素β亚基的胞质结构域中的高度保守的ExE基序相互作用，并在相反的波中与talin“分时”结合区域。Talin结合发生在由内向外信号传导和晚期相由外向内信号传导期间，而Gα13结合发生在早期相由外向内信号传导期间。我们进一步表明，Gα13是选择性重要的早期阶段由外向内信号，导致血小板扩散和血小板血栓形成的放大。重要的是，我们已经开发了Gα13-整联蛋白相互作用的选择性抑制剂，其有效地抑制整联蛋白由外向内信号传导和动脉血栓形成，而不会引起出血的不良影响。基于这些数据，我们提出了一个总体假设，即talin和Gα13与整合素胞质结构域结合的相反波转换了整合素信号传导的方向，也控制了整合素由外向内信号传导的结果。为了验证这一假说，我们提出了以下具体目标：（1）研究整合素信号转导过程中talin和Gα13与β3结合的转换及其调控机制。(2)To进一步研究Gα13-整联蛋白相互作用在介导整联蛋白由外向内信号传导、血小板活化放大和血栓形成中的作用。这些研究将促进新一代抗血栓形成药物的开发，用于治疗血栓形成而不引起过度出血。

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The platelet adhesion receptor, integrin αIIbβ3, plays a critical physiological role in hemostasis and also a critical pathological role in thrombosis and in the development of thrombotic diseases such as heart attack and stroke. The integrin antagonists are effective anti-thrombotics but also have significant adverse effect of hemorrhage, which can be life-threatening. Thus, it is important to develop a new generation of anti-thrombotics that minimally cause adverse effect of bleeding. Integrin αIIbβ3 not only mediates platelet adhesion and aggregation but also transmits signals bidirectionally: Agonist-induced intracellular signals from within platelets activate the extracellular ligand binding function of integrin αIIbβ3 ("inside-out" signaling). The binding of extracellular ligand to αIIβ3 then induces "outside-in" signals, which elicit cellular responses such as platelet spreading, granule secretion, and platelet-dependent clot retraction. The "outside-in signaling" response is critical in amplifying and stabilizing thrombi, which is critically important in occlusive thromboss. During the current funding period, we have shown that the G protein subunit, Gα13, directly interacts with a highly conserved ExE motif in the cytoplasmic domain of several integrin β subunits between talin binding sites, and "time-share" the binding region with talin in opposing waves. Talin binding occurs during inside-out signaling and late phase outside-in signaling, whereas the Gα13 binding occurs during early phase outside-in signaling. We further show that Gα13 is selectively important in the early phase outside-in signaling leading to platelet spreading and amplification of platelet thrombus formation. Importantly, we have developed selective inhibitors of Gα13-integrin interaction that potently inhibited integrin outside-in signaling and arterial thrombosis without causing adverse effect of bleeding. Based on these data, we propose the overall hypothesis that the opposing waves of talin and Gα13 binding to integrin cytoplasmic domain switch the direction of integrin signaling and also control outcomes of integrin outside-in signaling. To test this hypothesis, we propose the following specific aims: (1) To investigate the switch between talin and Gα13 binding to β3 during integrin signaling and its regulatory mechanisms. (2)To further investigate the roles of Gα13-integrin interaction in mediating integrin outside-in signaling, amplification of platelet activation, and thrombosis. These studies will facilitate the development of new generations of anti-thrombotic drugs for treating thrombosis without causing excessive bleeding.