Social and decision neuroscience of suicidal behavior

虽然自杀行为的倾向是复杂的，但人际环境起着至关重要的作用， 触发器和威慑。此外，企图自杀的人表现出慢性人际功能障碍， 对社会问题采取冲动和回避的态度，引发了关于他们使社会化的方式的问题 决策虽然存在自杀中人际关系缺陷的心理学解释，但这些解释并不完整。 神经机制。为了解决这一空白，申请人，一位认知心理学家，试图开发一种 计算精神病学的独立研究项目，长期目标是研究神经系统 社会决策机制可能是自杀和其他精神疾病中人际功能障碍的基础， 紊乱在实验室里，自杀未遂者表现出短视、疏忽的倾向 以及对决策偏差的敏感性。这种决策无能的行为特征 通过破坏腹侧前额叶-纹状体回路中与决策相关的信号。文献和我们的初步研究 研究还表明，这个回路中与决策相关的信号受到社会环境的调制， 有时会抵消目标导向的适应性处理。因此，申请人的短期目标是测试一个 概念模型，其中自杀者的决策缺陷是由自动干扰造成的。 对社会环境的反应与目标导向的过程，有助于适应性决策。的 申请人开发了一种社会交换范式，该范式检查了在破坏性社会环境下的决策。 影响，模拟自杀危机的一个关键方面。她的方法利用了正式学习理论， 建立在最近的计算研究，解剖社会决策的互动，自动和 目标导向的过程。申请方将在两个横断面病例对照中检验干扰假设 行为（n=120）和神经决策相关信号（n=60）的研究。她将使用强化学习 (RL)抑郁症自杀中行为倾向和神经决策相关信号的对比模型 非自杀抑郁和健康对照的尝试者。这种方法将阐明个体差异 对社会环境的自动反应对目标导向过程的干扰程度。这 研究将作为一个平台，由功能和结构方面的专家提供跨学科培训。 影像学（Aizenstein），自杀现象学（Dombrovski和Szanto），社会和决策神经科学 （Delgado）、皮质-纹状体回路（Frank）、学习理论和计算建模（Dombrovski和 弗兰克）和个性（霍尔奎斯特）。申请人将利用神经成像设施和广泛的 匹兹堡大学的研究基础设施。该研究解决了#1问题， 预防自杀的优先研究议程，为什么人们会自杀？考学 信号（预测错误）在社会背景和社会的方法/避免，这项工作适用的RDoC 框架（积极和消极的效价系统，社会过程系统）的自杀研究。

While the predisposition to suicidal behavior is complex, the interpersonal context plays a critical role both as a trigger and a deterrent. Moreover, people who attempt suicide display chronic interpersonal dysfunction and an impulsive and avoidant approach to social problems, prompting questions about the way they make social decisions. Although psychological accounts of interpersonal deficits in suicide exist, these are not integrated with neural mechanisms. Addressing this lacuna, the applicant, a cognitive psychologist, seeks to develop an independent research program in computational psychiatry with a long-term goal of investigating neural mechanisms of social decision-making that may underlie interpersonal dysfunction in suicide and other mental disorders. In the laboratory, suicide attempters display a tendency toward short-sighted, negligent decisions and heightened susceptibility to decision biases. This behavioral profile of decision incompetence is paralleled by disrupted decision-related signals in the ventral prefronto-striatal circuit. The literature and our preliminary studies also suggest that decision-related signals in this circuit are modulated by the social context, which can at times counteract goal-directed, adaptive processing. Thus, the applicant’s short-term aim is to test a conceptual model, wherein decision deficits in suicide attempters result from an interference of automatic responses to the social context with goal-directed processes that subserve adaptive decision-making. The applicant has developed a social exchange paradigm, which examines decision-making under disruptive social influences, modeling one key aspect of the suicidal crisis. Her approach leverages formal learning theory and builds on recent computational studies, dissecting social decision-making as an interaction of automatic and goal-directed processes. The applicant will test the interference hypothesis in two cross-sectional case-control studies of behavior (n=120) and neural decision-related signals (n=60). She will use reinforcement learning (RL) models to contrast behavioral tendencies and neural decision-related signals in depressed suicide attempters with non-suicidal depressed and healthy controls. This approach will elucidate individual differences in the degree to which automatic responses to the social context interfere with goal-directed processes. This research will serve as a platform for interdisciplinary training provided by experts in functional and structural imaging (Aizenstein), suicide phenomenology (Dombrovski and Szanto), social and decision neuroscience (Delgado), cortico-striatal circuitry (Frank), learning theory and computational modeling (Dombrovski and Frank), and personality (Hallquist). The applicant will take advantage of neuroimaging facilities and extensive research infrastructure at the University of Pittsburgh. The proposed study addresses the #1 question of the Prioritized Research Agenda for Suicide Prevention, Why do people become suicidal? Examining learning signals (prediction errors) in a social context and social approach/avoidance, this work applies the RDoC framework (Positive and Negative Valence Systems, Systems for Social Processes) to the study of suicide.