Functional LnFe-NxHy Models of Biological N2 Fixation
Functional LnFe-NxHy Models of Biological N2 Fixation
批准号:
9357658
负责人:
Jonas C Peters
金额:
$32.63万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2005
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2005-02-01 至 2020-08-31
关键词:
AcidsActive SitesAddressBioavailableBiochemicalBiologicalBiological ModelsBiologyBiomimeticsCatalysisChemicalsChemistryCommunitiesComplexComputer SimulationCoupledCyanidesDataDissociationDistalElectron TransportEnvironmentEnzymesFertilizersFreezingGenerationsGeometryGoalsGrantHybridsHydrogen BondingIndustrializationIronKineticsKnowledgeLifeLigandsMeasurementMeasuresMediatingMetalsMethodsModelingMolecular WeightMolybdoferredoxinNitrogenNitrogen FixationNitrogenaseNuclearPathway interactionsPatternPhysiologic pulsePlayProcessProtonsReducing AgentsResearchResearch PersonnelResearch SupportRestRoentgen RaysRoleSchemeSiteSolventsSpectrum AnalysisStressStructureStudy modelsSulfurSumSystemTechnologyTemperatureTestingTheoretical modelTransition ElementsUnited States National Institutes of HealthWorkabsorptioncatalystcofactorcold temperaturedensitydesignelectronic structurefascinateimprovedmetalloenzymenew technologypressureprogramsrapid techniquesample fixationscaffoldspectroscopic dataspectroscopic surveytheoriesvibration
中文摘要
项目摘要-生物N2固定的双功能LnFe-NxHy模型
固氮酶(N2 ase)是一种介导生物固氮作用的金属酶,是生命所必需的。 作为
因此,固氮酶的研究引起了生物和化学界的密切关注。
尽管如此,固氮酶促进氮的生物还原的机制
在环境条件下仍然是一个迷人的和未解决的问题。 我们研究的主要目标是
评估单一铁位点能够介导合成中催化N2还原的机制。
模型系统,以及生物学。 本论文拟设计和研究仿生铁-镍-镍复合材料,
NxHy模型复合物来实现这一目标。 我们的实验方法强调功能,而不是
结构上,铁-钼-钼辅因子(FeMoco)的忠实模型。 低分子量Fe-γ-NxHy
将开发络合物以探索低坐标几何中的铁位点,
二氮和其它NxHy官能团。 我们将这些几何构型与Fe-γ-NxHy中间体相关,
FeMoco 通过类比Fe-γ-介导的生物催化O2还原的模式,两个限制性的单γ-位点
强调机制。 第一种是交替机制,其中连续的H-β-原子转移(通过
H+/e-π--阶跃)以交替的方式发生在Fe-π--N π-N亚基的远端和近端N-π--原子处(例如,Fe-铁
N=NH → Fe-NH=NH → Fe-NH-NH2→ Fe-NH2-NH2 → Fe-NH2 + NH3)。 第二个是远端机构,
其中在远端N-碳-原子处的完全H-碳-原子转移以释放NH3当量先于转移到
邻近的N-β-原子(例如,Fe-N--N2 + 3 e-N--+ 3 H+ → Fe-N + NH3)。我们还探索了一种新的混合机制,
引发远端中间体(Fe= NNH 2),然后在形成前交叉形成交替中间体(Fe-N2--N2 H4)。
释放第一个NH3当量。我们将使用合成的模型复合物来测试每一个的可行性,
机械途径,并了解如何核,局部几何,和电子结构的Fe-
NxHy物种控制它们的相对稳定性和反应模式。 这些知识将应用于
研究,通过光谱,电化学和理论方法,第一个例子的单一的铁
我们在上一个资助期发现的用于N2-β-到-β-NH3转化的催化剂,以及
具有更高效率的新的N2固定催化剂。不管氮还原的精确机制如何
在FeMoco,其最终解决方案将需要将辅因子的光谱数据与相关的光谱数据进行比较。
获得了定义明确的模型复合物的数据。 因此,我们将继续与研究人员合作
专门研究FeMoco的光谱学研究,以进行这种比较,其他研究人员与
专业知识与我们的互补。总之,提出的功能性Fe-γ-NxHy模型化学将继续
与当前的生物化学、光谱学和理论模型研究一起发挥关键作用,
揭示了生物固氮的化学机制。
英文摘要
Project Summary -‐‑ Functional LnFe-‐‑NxHy Models of Biological N2 Fixation
Nitrogenase (N2ase) is a metalloenzyme that mediates biological nitrogen fixation and is essential to life. As
such, the study of nitrogenase attracts intense scrutiny among the biology and chemistry communities.
Nonetheless, the mechanism by which nitrogenase enzymes promote the biological reduction of nitrogen
under ambient conditions remains a fascinating and unsolved problem. The broad goal of our research is to
evaluate the mechanisms by which a single iron site is able to mediate catalytic N2 reduction in synthetic
model systems and, by extension, in biology. The proposed program is to design and study biomimetic Fe-‐‑
NxHy model complexes to address this goal. Our experimental approach stresses functionally, rather than
structurally, faithful models of the iron-‐‑molybdenum cofactor (FeMoco). Low molecular weight Fe-‐‑NxHy
complexes will be developed to explore iron sites in low coordinate geometries that may accommodate
dinitrogen and other NxHy functionalities. We posit these geometries as relevant to Fe-‐‑NxHy intermediates of
the FeMoco. By analogy to the modes of Fe-‐‑mediated biocatalytic O2 reduction, two limiting single-‐‑site
mechanisms are emphasized. The first is an alternating mechanism, where successive H-‐‑atom transfers (via
H+/e-‐‑ steps) occur at the distal and proximal N-‐‑atoms of the Fe-‐‑N≡N subunit in an alternating fashion (e.g., Fe-‐‑
N=NH → Fe-‐‑NH=NH → Fe-‐‑NH-‐‑NH2→ Fe-‐‑NH2-‐‑NH2 → Fe-‐‑NH2 + NH3). The second is a distal mechanism,
where complete H-‐‑atom transfer at the distal N-‐‑atom to liberate an NH3 equivalent precedes transfers to the
proximal N-‐‑atom (e.g., Fe-‐‑N2 + 3 e-‐‑ + 3 H+ → Fe≡N + NH3). We also explore a new hybrid mechanism that first
invokes a distal intermediate (Fe=NNH2) that then crosses to an alternating intermediate (Fe-‐‑N2H4) before
releasing the first NH3 equivalent. We will use synthetic model complexes to test the viability of each of these
mechanistic pathways, and to understand how the nuclearity, local geometry, and electronic structure of Fe-‐‑
NxHy species control their relative stabilities and reactivity patterns. This knowledge will be applied to the
study, via spectroscopic, electrochemical, and theoretical methods, of the first examples of single-‐‑site iron
catalysts for N2-‐‑to-‐‑NH3 conversion that we discovered in the previous grant period, and towards the design of
new N2-‐‑fixing catalysts with enhanced efficiency. Regardless of the precise mechanism for nitrogen reduction
at the FeMoco, its ultimate solution will require comparison of spectroscopic data from the cofactor to related
data obtained for well-‐‑defined model complexes. We will therefore continue to collaborate with researchers
that specialize in spectroscopic studies of the FeMoco to make such comparisons, and other investigators with
expertise complementary to our own. In sum, the functional Fe-‐‑NxHy model chemistry proposed will continue
to play a critical role alongside current biochemical, spectroscopic, and theoretical model studies aimed at
unraveling the chemical mechanism of biological nitrogen fixation.
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会议论文
Functional LnFe-Nx Models of Biological N2 Fixation
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批准号:7536221
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$28.29万
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财政年份:2005
-
负责人:Jonas C Peters
-
依托单位:
Functional LnFe-Nx Models of Biological N2 Fixation
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批准号:8113712
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$22.94万
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财政年份:2005
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负责人:Jonas C Peters
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依托单位:
Functional LnFe-NxHy Models of Biological N2 Fixation
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批准号:10463720
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$32.74万
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财政年份:2005
-
负责人:Jonas C Peters
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依托单位:
Functional LnFe-NxHy Models of Biological N2 Fixation
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批准号:8239324
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$27.37万
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财政年份:2005
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负责人:Jonas C Peters
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依托单位:
Functional LnFe-NxHy Models of Biological N2 Fixation
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批准号:9239394
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$32.63万
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财政年份:2005
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负责人:Jonas C Peters
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依托单位:
Functional LnFe-Nx Models of Biological N2 Fixation
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批准号:6865169
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$27.59万
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财政年份:2005
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负责人:Jonas C Peters
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依托单位:
Functional LnFe-Nx Models of Biological N2 Fixation
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批准号:7343267
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$27.7万
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财政年份:2005
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负责人:Jonas C Peters
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依托单位:
Functional LnFe-NxHy Models of Biological N2 Fixation
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批准号:8600286
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$27.37万
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财政年份:2005
-
负责人:Jonas C Peters
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依托单位:
Functional LnFe-NxHy Models of Biological N2 Fixation
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批准号:8423702
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$26.41万
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财政年份:2005
-
负责人:Jonas C Peters
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依托单位:
Functional LnFe-NxHy Models of Biological N2 Fixation
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批准号:10238858
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$32.74万
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财政年份:2005
-
负责人:Jonas C Peters
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依托单位:
Functional LnFe-NxHy Models of Biological N2 Fixation
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批准号:8787116
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$31.48万
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财政年份:2005
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负责人:Jonas C Peters
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依托单位:
Functional LnFe-NxHy Models of Biological N2 Fixation
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批准号:10678986
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$32.74万
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财政年份:2005
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负责人:Jonas C Peters
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依托单位:
Functional LnFe-Nx Models of Biological N2 Fixation
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批准号:7578340
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$3.51万
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财政年份:2005
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负责人:Jonas C Peters
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依托单位:
Functional LnFe-Nx Models of Biological N2 Fixation
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批准号:7175405
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$0.47万
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财政年份:2005
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负责人:Jonas C Peters
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依托单位:
Functional LnFe-Nx Models of Biological N2 Fixation
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批准号:7013220
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$28.34万
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财政年份:2005
-
负责人:Jonas C Peters
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依托单位:
Functional LnFe-NxHy Models of Biological N2 Fixation
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批准号:8776207
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$5.14万
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财政年份:2005
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负责人:Jonas C Peters
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依托单位:
海外基金