Genetic and Environmental Influences on Addiction

摘要： 了解遗传和环境因素如何影响药物使用和滥用可能对 成瘾预防和诊断，以及新的有效成瘾疗法的开发。 本申请计划在威尔大学提供3个博士前培训时段(为期约2年，从第2年开始) 康奈尔大学研究生院(WCGS)神经科学和药理学课程旨在了解 基因和环境对药物成瘾的影响。这项培训计划的一个独特之处是 教师在遗传(如性别、单核苷酸多态、基因剪接变异、 树突状/轴突翻译和表观遗传学)和环境(母体环境，发育 阶段和压力)对成瘾性疾病的出现至关重要的因素。我们的教职员工也是 值得注意的是，他们为成瘾科学带来了广泛的方法；我们在研究方面拥有专业知识 几种主要的滥用药物(如阿片剂、可卡因和其他精神刺激剂)如何影响神经元 功能从单分子的表达和行为到复杂功能的表现 规范啮齿动物和人类行为的系统。除了我们才华横溢的教职员工，这次培训 格兰特将利用WCGS卓越的研究环境、教育资源和 招募活动，特别是我们吸引和培训代表性不足的少数群体的历史，作为基本 和临床科学家。培训补助金的具体优势包括：1)主任的经验和 指导、教学和药物滥用研究的联合主任；2)多学科的广泛范围 由教员提供研究培训；3)教员之间广泛的合作和共同指导； 4)强调“从床到床”的翻译研究。培训助学金教职员工将 分为三组：1)主要赞助商：支持NIDA使命的研究生论文导师 研究计划；2)培训赞助商：在药物滥用研究方面有丰富经验的个人 将与主要赞助商及其实习生密切合作；以及3)次赞助商：患有NIDA的个人- 将与主要赞助商及其受训人员合作的特派团利益方。由以下组成的资源核心 将建立三个小组的培训助学金教师，为学生提供一个平台 将来自多个实验室的方法纳入他们的博士论文工作。在实验室之外，一个新的 由一群研究生在咨询后开发的题为“成瘾与社会”的课程 教职员工以及专注于药物滥用的务虚会和WCGS制定了赠款准备计划，将 为学生提供重要的教学、技能和网络方面的培训经验 对他们的职业发展至关重要。这些课程加上现有的课程作业和课程， 座谈会和讲座，以及每个学生的个人培养计划，将为 在药物滥用研究方面发展独立的基础和临床科学家。

Abstract: Understanding how genetic and environmental factors impact drug use and abuse may be critical for addiction prevention and diagnosis, as well as the development of novel effective addiction therapeutics. This application plans to provide 3 predoctoral training slots (for ~2 yrs, starting in the 2nd yr) in the Weill Cornell Graduate School (WCGS) Neuroscience and Pharmacology Programs aimed at understanding the impact of genes and environment on drug addiction. A unique feature of this training plan is the diversity of faculty expertise in both genetic (e.g. sex, single nucleotide polymorphisms, gene splice variants, dendritic/axonal translation, and epigenetics) and environmental (maternal environment, developmental stage, and stress) factors that are essential for the emergence of addictive disease. Our faculty is also noteworthy for the breadth of the approaches they bring to addiction science; we have expertise in studying how several major abused drugs (i.e. opiates, cocaine, and other psychostimulants) impact neuronal function from the expression and behavior of single molecules to the performance of complex functional systems that regulate the behavior of rodents and humans. In addition to our talented faculty, this training grant will take advantage of the WCGS outstanding research environment, educational resources, and recruiting activities, particularly our history of attracting and training under-represented minorities as basic and clinical scientists. Particular strengths of the training grant include: 1) the experience of the Director and Co-Director in mentoring, teaching and drug abuse research; 2) the broad scope of multidisciplinary research training provided by the faculty; 3) extensive collaborations and co-mentoring between the faculty; and 4) the strong emphasis on “bench-to- bedside” translational research. Training grant faculty will be divided into three groups: 1) Major Sponsors: graduate student thesis mentors with NIDA mission supported research programs; 2) Training Sponsors: individuals with extensive experience in drug abuse research who will work closely with Major Sponsors and their trainees; and 3) Minor Sponsors: individuals with NIDA- mission interests who will collaborate with Major Sponsors and their trainees. Resource Cores comprised of training grant faculty from all three groups will be established to provide a platform for students to incorporate approaches from multiple laboratories into their PhD thesis work. Beyond the laboratory, a new course entitled “Addiction and Society” developed by a group of graduate students in consultation with faculty, as well as a Drug Abuse focused retreat and WCGS developed programs in grant-preparation, will provide students with important training experiences in teaching, grantsmanship, and networking that will be essential for their career development. These courses together with the existing coursework and curricula, symposia and lectures, as well as each students individual training plan, will provide a solid foundation for the development of independent basic and clinical scientists in drug abuse research.