Comparative electrophysiology: Visual event-related potentials and oscillations

描述（由申请人提供）：人类视觉事件相关电位（ERPs）和脑电图（EEG）测量视觉加工过程中各种不同的认知操作。除了揭示健康的大脑如何将视觉输入转化为适当的反应外，视觉erp和脑电图是诊断和研究神经和精神病理疾病的重要工具。然而，不可能明确确定哪些脑区产生与部署视觉注意、视觉工作记忆存储和监测任务表现相关的特定ERP成分和脑电图振荡。该项目的更新将支持我们对人类和非人类灵长类动物在执行视觉任务期间引发的ERP成分和振荡特征的来源进行定位。在后者中，我们将记录无创erp和脑电图同时记录颅内局部场电位。从执行相同视觉任务的猴子和人类的初步证据表明，人和猕猴之间的ERP成分和脑电图中特定频段的调制具有同源性，这些频段提供了视觉注意力部署、视觉工作记忆中视觉信息存储和表现监测的指标。通过同时研究人类和猴子，该项目将允许临床医生和健康研究人员使用无创记录的人类视觉和反应诱发的脑电图活动和ERP组件来了解特定大脑区域是否正常运作，并开发特定疾病的动物模型。与公共卫生相关：本研究计划的总体目标是使用常见的电生理测量方法对人类和猴子进行比较研究。然后，开发技术来确定非人类灵长类动物是否表现出电生理振荡和事件相关电位，这些电位与用于研究人类精神和其他健康障碍的认知过程相同。我们之前的工作表明，这些常见的电生理测量是存在的，目前的项目将利用人类和猴子来确定这些电位在大脑中产生的位置。这些方法将为卫生研究人员开发人类健康疾病的动物模型、发现潜在原因和测试潜在治疗方法提供一种途径。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Human visual event-related potentials (ERPs) and the electroencephalogram (EEG) measure a variety of different cognitive operations during visual processing. Visual ERPs and EEG are vital tools in diagnosing and studying neurological and psychopathological disorders, in addition to revealing how the health brain turns visual inputs into appropriate responses. However, it is not possible to definitively determine what brain areas generate specific ERP components and EEG oscillations related to deploying visual attention, visual working memory storage, and monitoring task performance. The renewal of this project will support our work localizing the sources of ERP components and oscillatory signatures elicited during the performance of visual tasks using both humans and nonhuman primates. In the latter we will record noninvasive ERPs and EEG simultaneously with intracranial recordings of local field potentials. Preliminary evidence from monkeys and humans performing identical visual tasks demonstrates homology between human and macaque ERP components and the modulation of specific frequency bands in the EEG providing indices of the deployment of visual attention, the storage of visual information in visual working memory, and performance monitoring. By concurrently studying humans and monkeys this project will allow clinicians and health researchers to use the visually and response evoked EEG activity and ERP components recorded noninvasively from humans to access whether specific brain regions are functioning properly and also to develop animal models of specific disorders. Relevance to public health: The overall goal of this research program is to perform comparative studies of humans and monkeys using common electrophysiological measures. Then, to develop techniques to determine whether nonhuman primates exhibit electrophysiological oscillations and event-related potentials indexing the same cognitive processes as those used to study mental and other health disorders in humans. Our previous work demonstrates that these common electrophysiological measures exist and the present project will use humans and monkeys to determine where in the brain these potentials are generated. These methods will provide a way for health researchers to develop animal models of human health disorders, discover underlying causes, and test potential treatments.