The Effect of Multicellularity on Bacterial Interactions and Diversity
The Effect of Multicellularity on Bacterial Interactions and Diversity
批准号:
9224671
负责人:
Nicholas Anthony Lyons
金额:
$9.0万
依托单位:
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2017
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2017-07-01 至 2019-06-30
关键词:
Actinobacteria classAffectAltruismAmino Acid SubstitutionAmino AcidsAntibiotic ResistanceAntibioticsAwardBacillus (bacterium)Bacillus subtilisBacteriaBacterial PhysiologyBehaviorBioinformaticsBiologicalBiological AssayBiologyCatalogsCellsComplementComplexCooperative BehaviorDNA Sequencing FacilityDataData SetDevelopmentDiscriminationDistantDrug resistanceEmployee StrikesEvolutionExhibitsFoundationsFutureGene ExpressionGenesGenetic TranscriptionGenomicsGoalsHabitatsHealthHumanInfectionKnowledgeLearningLife StyleLightMediatingMentorsMentorshipMicrobial BiofilmsMicrobiologyModelingMutationOrganismOutputPharmaceutical PreparationsPhasePhenotypePopulationPostdoctoral FellowPreventionProductionRecording of previous eventsResearchResearch PersonnelResourcesRoleRouteScientistSocial EnvironmentSolidSourceStreptomycesStressStructureSystemTechnical ExpertiseTechniquesTestingTrainingVariantWorkantimicrobialcareercareer developmentclinically relevantcomparative genomicsdefense responseexperienceexperimental studyfascinatefightinggenome sequencinginterestmedical schoolsmicrobialmutantnegative affectnovelpressurepreventskillssuccesstraittranscriptome sequencingtranscriptomicsvirtualwhole genome
中文摘要
摘要
细菌的生活方式可以是极其复杂的,最引人注目的表现是高度
合作的多细胞结构,如生物膜。除了固有的基本生物学利益,这些复杂的
性状对细菌与人类健康的关系有重大影响,
耐药性增加,并作为临床相关抗生素的来源,这些抗生素通常只在
一定的社会背景。在我的博士后工作中,我使用了枯草芽孢杆菌的模型细菌来研究
多细胞行为影响细菌相互作用的方式。 我找到了那个B。 subtilis可以判断
无论相邻的细胞是否是近亲,这种现象被称为亲属歧视。 他们这样做
利用每种菌株产生的广泛而多样的抗菌分子。 这个亲戚
歧视行为创造了一种进化的压力,使物种多样化,
即使是非常接近的菌株也不能在它们的自然栖息地共存。
这项提案的第一个目标将集中于亲属歧视的后果,具体而言,
群体比亲属更能抵抗非亲属细胞的侵袭。这将有助于我们理解自然
生活在我们体内和周围的微生物种群,以及它们如何对外界影响作出反应。 我也会学习
参与实验进化的重要技术技能,包括基因组测序、比较
基因组学,以及与大型基因组数据集一起工作所固有的生物信息学和编程技能。
第二个目标是更好地了解B内部的多样性。 subtilis物种
研究三种进化途径:氨基酸取代,整个基因的获得/丧失,
基因转录的变化。 通过在多个多细胞环境中观察多个菌株,
能够看到这些变化中的哪一个在早期菌株分歧中最常见,以及哪些基因在菌株分歧中最常见。
最大的压力是改变。这将产生一个进化信息的目录,
多年来,为我自己的独立实验室开辟了许多研究途径。所涉及的技术,如RNA
测序和生物信息学分析,将是对我技能的宝贵补充。
本申请的第三个目的是检验我在其他细菌中的发现的普遍性。 鉴于B.
枯草杆菌使用抗生素分子相互识别,我将在细菌门中寻找产生抗生素的细菌。
大多数批准的抗生素:放线菌。研究物种内的相互作用可以帮助阐明
抗生素生产的演变以及如何最好地挖掘临床相关分子。我会调查
放线菌链霉菌区分亲属和非亲属的能力,以及这是否是介导的
抗生素多样性。这个项目将是我对放线菌的介绍,长期目标是
研究它们迷人的多细胞生命周期的其他方面。
我将继续在哈佛医学院接受罗伯托·科尔特博士的培训,
微生物学经验的基础上建立我的职业生涯。 HMS提供了许多优点
这将有助于我的进步,包括核心测序设施,生物信息学资源和课程
致力于职业发展。此外,我还将接受以下领域专家的专门培训:
微生物基因组学和放线菌生物学,以实现这一建议的目标,并扩大我的
作为科学家的发展。我将在这个奖项下获得的知识和技术将是有用的
实现我的职业目标,成为一名有效的独立调查员。
英文摘要
ABSTRACT
Bacterial lifestyles can be extremely complex, manifested most strikingly in the formation of highly
cooperative multicellular structures like biofilms. Beyond the inherent basic biological interest, these complex
traits have significant impacts on how bacteria relate to human health both as a defense response leading to
increased drug resistance and as a source of clinically-‐‑relevant antibiotics, which are often only produced in
certain social contexts. In my post-‐‑doctoral work I have used the model bacterium Bacillus subtilis to study how
multicellular behaviors affect the way bacteria interact with each other. I found that B. subtilis can judge
whether or not neighboring cells are close relatives, a phenomenon called kin discrimination. They do this
using the extensive and diverse complement of antimicrobial molecules that each strain produces. This kin
discrimination behavior creates an evolutionary pressure to diversify, resulting in so much intraspecies
variation that even very closely related strains cannot coexist in their natural habitat.
The first aim of this proposal will focus on the consequences of kin discrimination, specifically whether a
population can better resist invasion by non-‐‑kin cells than kin. This will inform our understanding of natural
microbial populations living in and around us, and how they respond to outside influences. I will also learn
important technical skills involved in experimental evolution, including genome sequencing, comparative
genomics, and the bioinformatic and programming skills inherent to working with large genomic datasets.
The second aim seeks to gain a better understanding of the diversity lurking within the B. subtilis species by
examining three routes of evolutionary change: amino acid substitutions, gain/loss of entire genes, and
changes in gene transcription. By looking across multiple strains in multiple multicellular contexts, I will be
able to see which of these changes is most common in early strain divergence and which genes are under the
most pressure to change. This will generate a catalog of evolutionary information that will be useful for many
years and open many avenues of research for my own independent lab. The techniques involved, such as RNA
sequencing and bioinformatic analyses, will be invaluable additions to my skillset.
The third aim of this application will examine the generality of my findings in other bacteria. Given that B.
subtilis use antibiotic molecules to recognize each other, I will look in the phylum of bacteria that produces the
majority of approved antibiotics: Actinobacteria. Examining intraspecies interactions can help shed light on the
evolution of antibiotic production and how best to mine for clinically relevant molecules. I will investigate the
ability of the Actinobacteria Streptomyces to discriminate kin from non-‐‑kin, and whether this is mediated
through antibiotic diversity. This project will be my introduction to Actinobacteria, with the long-‐‑term goal of
studying other aspects of their fascinating multicellular lifecycle.
The training I will continue to receive under Dr. Roberto Kolter at Harvard Medical School will give me a great
foundation of microbiology experience on which to build my career. HMS provides a number of advantages
that will facilitate my advancement, including core sequencing facilities, bioinformatic resources, and courses
dedicated to career development. Additionally, I will receive specialized training from experts in the fields of
microbial genomics and Actinobacteria biology to accomplish the goals of this proposal and broaden my
development as a scientist. The knowledge and techniques I will acquire under this award will be instrumental
in obtaining my career goals and becoming an effective independent investigator.
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The Effect of Multicellularity on Bacterial Interactions and Diversity
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批准号:9509481
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$8.86万
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财政年份:2017
-
负责人:Nicholas Anthony Lyons
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依托单位:
海外基金