Imaging sensorimotor adaptation and compensation of speech

描述（由申请人提供）：说话的运动行为是将预期信息转化为传达这些信息的物理过程的最后和关键步骤，即发音器官的运动导致产生预期的声音。令人惊讶的是，这个过程的许多方面仍然知之甚少，特别是反馈处理在控制语音中的作用。反馈处理的缺陷与主要的言语障碍有关，包括口吃、传导性失语、痉挛性发音障碍和言语失用症。然而，由于缺乏可测试的模型，以及缺乏完善的方法，很少有人了解的神经机制听觉反馈控制的讲话。 在这个补助金申请中，我们扩展了一个定量模型的语言运动控制称为状态反馈控制（SFC），我们以前开发的。SFC假设大脑通过对声道和感觉状态的内部预测来控制语言 说话的后果。SFC模型解释了言语运动控制中的许多行为和神经现象，包括对意外改变的听觉反馈的两个关键行为反应-补偿和适应。补偿是指语音输出响应于反馈改变的短期变化。适应是指即使在反馈改变被移除后，语音输出的长期变化仍然存在。在这里，我们建议使用最先进的方法，脑磁图成像（MEGI）和皮层脑电图（ECOG）结合定量建模（贝叶斯估计）和行为实验（实时语音反馈改变，听力研究与触摸屏，语音控制的视觉刺激）的尖端方法。 我们的目标是进一步阐述我们的言语运动控制的SFC模型，并研究言语的哪些方面限制了其适应行为。具体目标是：1）确定言语中感觉运动适应的神经相关性; 2）确定躯体感觉反馈在补偿和适应中的作用; 3）分离知觉对言语补偿和适应的贡献。 拟议的研究将完善我们的言语运动控制的SFC模型，提高其预测能力，并研究言语的哪些具体方面限制了其补偿和适应行为。对说话的神经基础的这种理解有可能开发出更好的治疗言语运动控制功能障碍的方法，如口吃、传导性失语、痉挛性发音障碍、言语失用症、痉挛和帕金森病中的低音性构音障碍。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The motor act of speaking is the last and crucial step in the process of translating intended messages into the physical processes that convey those messages, i.e. the movements of articulators resulting in producing intended vocal sounds. Surprisingly many aspects of this process remain poorly understood, in particular, the role of feedback processing in controlling speech. Deficits in feedback processing are implicated in major speech impairments including stuttering, conduction aphasia, spasmodic dysphonia, and apraxia of speech. However, due to a paucity of testable models, and a lack of well-established methods, little is understood about the neural mechanisms underlying auditory feedback control in speech. In this grant application, we extend a quantitative model for speech motor control called state-feedback control (SFC) that we have previously developed. SFC posits that the brain controls speech using internal predictions of the state of the vocal tract and of the sensory consequences of speaking. The SFC model accounts for many behavioral and neural phenomena in speech motor control, including two key behavioral responses to unexpectedly altered auditory feedback - compensation and adaptation. Compensation refers to short-term changes in speech output in response to feedback alteration. Adaptation refers to long-term changes in speech output that persist even after the feedback alteration is removed. Here, we propose to use state-of-the-art methods for magnetoencephalographic imaging (MEGI) and electrocorticography (ECOG) in conjunction with cutting-edge methods of quantitative modeling (Bayesian estimation) and behavioral experimentation (real-time speech feedback alteration, audiomotor studies with a touch-screen, speech controlled visual stimulation). Our goals are to further elaborate our SFC model of speech motor control and examine what aspects of speech constrain its adaptation behavior. The specific aims are to: 1) determine the neural correlates of sensorimotor adaptation in speech; 2) determine the role of somatosensory feedback in compensation and adaptation; and 3) isolate perceptual contributions to speech compensation and adaptation. The proposed studies will refine our SFC model of speech motor control, increase its predictive power, and examine what specific aspects of speech constrain its compensation and adaptation behaviors. Such an understanding of the neural basis of speaking has the potential to develop better treatments of dysfunctions of speech motor control such as stuttering, conduction aphasia, spasmodic dysphonia, apraxia of speech, spas and hypophonic dysarthria in Parkinson's disease.