An exploration of the momentary mechanisms of controlling food-related parenting practices among mothers and fathers of preschool children

项目摘要/摘要 众所周知，父母有机会显著影响孩子的体重状况；然而， 探讨与食物有关的育儿实践对儿童的使用和影响的文献存在局限性 体重状况。具体地说，大部分研究探索了与食物相关的育儿实践对 与体重相关的结果：专注于高度控制的育儿实践--未能解释 更广泛的食物养育范围的影响；依赖于与食物有关的养育的追溯措施 实践；并侧重于父母对与食物有关的具体养育做法的“惯常”使用--没有考虑到 对于较短的时间范围(在一天之内或一天之间)或跨上下文的潜在重要差异。 最后，影响与食物有关的特殊育儿做法的使用的瞬时机制仍然存在 不清楚。生态瞬时评估(EMA)是一种利用手持设备获取 在自然环境中展开的行为信息，每时每刻，以捕捉动态 行为随时间和跨环境的变化。使用EMA可以提供一个机会来澄清 瞬时变量(例如，压力、儿童行为)和与食物有关的使用之间的时间关系 为人父母的实践。拟议的混合方法研究将利用深入的访谈来确定广泛的 与食物有关的育儿做法的范围和影响它们的瞬时因素。家长响应将 然后通知制定和调整在环境和环境影响评估议定书内使用的措施。最后，EMA 研究(n=50)将探索父母内部和父母之间与食物相关的育儿做法和意愿的波动 找出对父母使用与食物有关的育儿方法的瞬时影响。获得的知识和数据 从拟议的研究中收集的数据将为未来的R-01应用程序奠定基础，该应用程序将专注于 在纵向研究中嵌入EMA，以全面了解 与食物相关的养育方式对儿童体重相关结果的影响。这项拟议的研究也符合 申请人的职业发展目标的更广泛的背景。这次为期4年的培训的首要目标是 该计划旨在将候选人确立为专注于儿童肥胖预防的独立调查者。 具体的培训活动包括：获得数据收集、管理和数据解释方面的经验 通过EMA收集；发展分析数据所需的多层次建模统计分析技能 通过EMA收集；以及改善内容领域知识、儿童发展和亲子角色 饮食行为发展中的相互作用。综上所述，提出了培训目标和研究 活动将使应聘者能够：1)在她之前的培训和研究的基础上，到目前为止，她的培训和研究主要集中在 利用传统调查方法探索父母在青少年体重相关结果中的作用， 和2)扩展她的专业知识，包括新的EMA数据收集方法和相关的分析技能， 并侧重于了解幼儿肥胖的发展。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT It is known that parents have the opportunity to significantly influence their children's weight status; however, limitations exist within the literature exploring the use and impact of food-related parenting practices on child weight status. Specifically, the bulk of research exploring the impact of food-related parenting practices on weight-related outcomes has: focused on highly controlling parenting practices - failing to account for the impact of a much broader scope of food parenting; relied on retrospective measures of food-related parenting practices; and focused on parent's “usual” use of specific food-related parenting practices – failing to account for potentially important differences across shorter time frames (within- or between- day) or across contexts. Finally, momentary mechanisms that influence the use of particular food-related parenting practices remain unclear. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is a novel method that utilizes hand-held devices to capture information on behaviors as they unfold in their natural environment, moment-by-moment, to capture dynamic changes in behavior over time and across contexts. Use of EMA could provide an opportunity to elucidate temporal relationships between momentary variables (e.g., stress, child behavior) and use of food-related parenting practices. The proposed mixed-methods study will utilize in-depth interviews to identify a broad scope of food-related parenting practices and the momentary factors that influence them. Parent responses will then inform the development - and adaptation of measures for use within an EMA protocol. Finally, an EMA study (n=50) will explore within- and between-parent fluctuations in food-related parenting practices and will identify momentary influences on parents' use of food-related parenting practices. Knowledge gained and data collected from the proposed research will lay the foundation for a future R-01 application focused on leveraging EMA embedded within a longitudinal study to gain a comprehensive understanding of the use and impact of food-related parenting practices on weight-related outcomes in children. This proposed research also fits within the broader context of the applicant's career development goals. The overarching goal of this 4-year training program is to establish the candidate as an independent investigator focused on pediatric obesity prevention. Specific training activities include: gaining experience in data collection, management and interpretation of data collected via EMA; developing the multi-level modeling statistical analysis skills necessary to analyze data collected via EMA; and improving content area knowledge child development and the role of parent-child interactions in the development of eating behaviors. Together, the proposed training aims and research activities will allow the candidate to, 1) build on her previous training and research which, to date, has focused on utilizing traditional survey methods to explore the role of parents in adolescent weight-related outcomes, and 2) expand her expertise to include novel EMA data collection methods and associated analytical skills, and a focus on understanding the development of obesity in young children.