Brain stimulation for cognitive enhancement based on modulation of cortical traveling waves

摘要 该项目的目标是利用大脑电刺激通过调制行波来增强认知能力。 行波是大脑在大脑皮层和海马区传播的振荡模式。他们是 神经调节的一个可行的靶点，因为它们在行为和生理上都很重要，因为它们 与行为相关，并揭示大脑中神经元活动的运动。根据我们的初步调查 鉴于直流电刺激可以增强行波，我们将制定fifiNed刺激方案 通过增强我们在个别患者身上观察到的行波模式来改善记忆。我们 将通过对癫痫患者进行直接侵入性脑记录和刺激来进行这项工作。在我们的方法中， 我们分别识别每个患者的行波，并使用网络对其进行计算建模 弱耦合Kuramoto振子。这个模型预测了脑电波的频率和位置 应采用刺激，以增强每个患者的内源性波。然后我们检验这个假设 增强每个患者的行波可以增强记忆力。 在目标1中，神经外科患者执行一项记忆任务，我们对观察到的行波进行建模。 然后，在休息期间，我们使用多个刺激参数的直接电刺激并进行比较 由此产生的行波与我们的模型预测。在目标2中，我们测试了刺激参数 改善行波也能增强记忆力。在这里，患者执行工作和空间记忆任务 同时，我们根据它们行波的计算模型进行定制的刺激。我们将测试我们的 与假试验相比，刺激可改善记忆的假说，以及，此外， 在单次试验水平上，刺激诱导的行波与记忆表现相关。通过测试 大脑刺激通过行波调节行为的能力，这个项目将提供因果证据 行波对行为很重要，并开发了一种通过定制增强记忆的方法 大脑刺激。

Summary The goal of this project is to use electrical brain stimulation to enhance cognition by modulating traveling waves. Traveling waves are patterns of brain oscillations that propagate across the neocortex and hippocampus. They are a viable target for neuromodulation because they are important both behaviorally and physiologically, as they correlate with behavior and reveal the movement of neuronal activity across the brain. Based on our preliminary finding that direct electrical stimulation can enhance traveling waves, we will develop refined stimulation protocols for improving memory by enhancing the patterns of traveling waves that we observe in individual patients. We will conduct this work with direct invasive brain recording and stimulation in epilepsy patients. In our approach, we identify traveling waves in each patient individually and model them computationally using a network of weakly coupled Kuramoto oscillators. This model predicts the frequency and location where electrical brain stimulation should be applied to enhance each patient's endogenous waves. We then test the hypothesis that augmenting each patient's traveling waves enhances memory. In Aim 1, neurosurgical patients perform a memory task and we model the traveling waves that we observe. Then, during a rest period we apply direct electrical stimulation with multiple stimulation parameters and compare the resultant traveling waves with our model predictions. In Aim 2, we test whether the stimulation parameters that improve traveling waves also enhance memory. Here patients perform working and spatial memory tasks while we apply customized stimulation based on a computational model of their traveling waves. We will test our hypothesis that stimulation improves memory compared to sham trials and, moreover, whether the properties of stimulation-induced traveling waves correlate with memory performance at the single-trial level. By testing the ability of brain stimulation to modulate behavior via traveling waves, this project will provide causal evidence that traveling waves are important for behavior and develop a methodology for memory enhancement via customized brain stimulation.