Mechanisms of Zika Virus Maternal-Fetal Transmission

项目总结： 寨卡病毒(ZIKV)是一种新出现的蚊媒黄病毒，已成为全球公共卫生威胁。 寨卡病毒感染现在与成人格林-巴利综合征和小头畸形症有因果关系， 宫内生长受限(IUGR)和自然流产与母体感染 怀孕了。鉴于对这种因果关系的认识，当务之急是确定(S) 母婴传播。对这种机制的洞察可以提高我们减轻 孕期寨卡病毒感染的影响。这个协作和互动项目的目标是 定义宿主防御反应如何在ZIKV发病过程中和之后控制或可能促进ZIKV的致病 怀孕了。这一前提是基于最新公布的大量数据显示，寨卡病毒感染 怀孕的小鼠会导致胎盘感染，在宫内传播，并对发育中的胎儿造成伤害。O 我们 中心假设是 母婴传播是因为ZIKV克服了胎盘滋养层细胞 宿主防御(自噬)(AIM 1)，篡夺受体进入胎盘滋养层细胞和内皮细胞 (目标2)；这个整个过程在黄病毒免疫的个人或动物中得到加强，这些人或动物有足够的 促进ADE的交叉反应、非中和抗ZIKV抗体水平(目标3)。总的来说，我们的 这些努力将对了解ZIKV的致病机理具有重要意义。这项工作将为 确定ZIKV母婴传播风险的临床研究可能产生新的 治疗方法，并确定ZIKV与其他自然免疫之间的相互作用 黄病毒。

Project Summary: Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-transmitted flavivirus that has become a global public health threat. ZIKV infection has now been causally linked to cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults and microcephaly, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and spontaneous abortion in the setting of maternal infection during pregnancy. Given the recognition of this causal relationship, it is imperative to determine the mechanism(s) of maternal-fetal transmission. Insights into such mechanisms could improve our ability to reduce the burden of the effects of Zika virus infection during pregnancy. The goal of this collaborative and interactive project is to define how host defense responses can control or possibly contribute to ZIKV pathogenesis during and after pregnancy. The premise is based on the extensive newly published data showing that ZIKV infection of pregnant mice results in infection of the placenta, in utero transmission, and injury to the developing fetus. O ur central hypotheses are that maternal-fetal transmission occurs because ZIKV overcomes placental trophoblast host defenses (autophagy) (Aim 1), usurps TAM receptors to enter placental trophoblasts and endothelial cells (Aim 2); and this entire process is enhanced in flavivirus-immune individuals or animals who have sufficient levels of cross-reactive, non-neutralizing anti-ZIKV antibodies that promote ADE (Aim 3). Collectively, our efforts will be highly significant for understanding ZIKV pathogenesis. This work will provide a foundation for clinical studies that define the risks of maternal to child transmission of ZIKV, generate possible new therapeutic approaches, and determine the interaction between ZIKV and natural immunity to other flaviviruses.