Parental Emotion Socialization and Protective Factors Related to Child Psychosocial Outcomes in the Context of Military Families and PTSD

军人/退伍军人(SM/VS)的部署和重返社会的过程造成了压力 这可能会使儿童面临不良后果的风险。这样的风险是 当SM/V的创伤后应激障碍症状升高时，情况会恶化。这种类型的高风险环境与 随着儿童未来心理社会问题的发展。另一方面，许多孩子对 这些问题并显示出健康的调整。关于是什么因素影响一个人是否 在这种情况下，孩子会经历消极或积极的结果，但父母的养育可能起到关键作用。那里 有证据表明，创伤后应激障碍的症状会使SM/V及其伴侣难以养育子女，但进一步 需要对受创伤后应激障碍影响的具体育儿过程进行研究。人们对此也知之甚少 SM/VS及其合作伙伴的育儿方式和行为是如何相互作用影响孩子的。这项研究调查了 创伤后应激障碍可能与情绪社会化有关，或者父母如何教育、示范和回应情绪 这个家庭。情绪社会化是一个关键的父母教养过程，它有助于儿童的心理社会 发展。为了检查这些过程，该项目利用了之前收集的唯一数据集 使用从SM/V、合作伙伴、儿童和 老师们。父母的情绪社会化相关行为(ESRB)将通过严格的 亲子互动的观察性编码。这一方法将允许对关联进行调查。 在SM/V创伤后应激障碍中，双方的ESRB和儿童的适应将是重要的 了解父母有创伤后应激障碍症状的军人儿童的心理社会风险和复原力。 其次，这个项目将考察一系列个人和夫妇因素，这些因素可能缓冲(A)合作伙伴 参与不支持的ESRB和(B)儿童在SM/V表现出适应不良时的适应不良 创伤后应激障碍的症状。拟议的调查涉及NICHD的优先事项，以确定“因素和 促进…的机制…儿童的心理社会适应暴露于高危家庭… 环境。“这些因素和机制对于推动循证发展至关重要。 针对军人和其他高危家庭的预防和干预方案。拟议研究的目标 将在一个旨在帮助研究员发展专业知识的研究培训计划中完成 高危环境中的人际家庭关系、观察性编码和统计分析 家庭和多个信息者的数据。培训计划包括完成相关课程、参加 有针对性的讲习班，该领域专家的个人监督和指导，以及科学写作和 演示体验。

The process of deployment and reintegration of military service members/veterans (SM/Vs) creates a stressful environment for SM/Vs and their families, which can put children at risk for adverse outcomes. Such risk is exacerbated when a SM/V has elevated PTSD symptoms. This type of high-risk environment is associated with development of future psychosocial problems in children. On the other hand, many children are resilient to such problems and demonstrate healthy adjustment. Little is known about what factors influence whether a child experiences negative or positive outcomes in such situations, but parenting likely plays a key role. There is evidence that the symptoms of PTSD can make parenting difficult for SM/Vs and their partners, but further research is needed about specific parenting processes that are affected by PTSD. Little is also known about how SM/Vs' and partners' parenting styles and behaviors interact to affect children. This study investigates how PTSD might be related to emotion socialization, or how parents teach, model, and respond to emotions in the family. Emotion socialization is a critical parenting process that contributes to children's psychosocial development. To examine these processes, this project capitalizes on a unique, previously-collected dataset with videos of parent-child interactions and questionnaire data collected from SM/Vs, partners, children, and teachers. Emotion socialization-related behaviors (ESRBs) of parents will be assessed through rigorous observational coding of the parent-child interactions. This approach will allow for investigations of associations among SM/V PTSD, the ESRBs of both partners, and children's adjustment, which will be important to understanding psychosocial risk and resilience in military children with a parent who has symptoms of PTSD. Secondly, this project will examine a series of individual and couple factors that may buffer (a) partners from engaging in non-supportive ESRBs and (b) children from maladaptive adjustment when SM/Vs demonstrate symptoms of PTSD. The proposed investigation addresses the NICHD priority to identify “factors and mechanisms that promote …psychosocial adjustment for children … exposed to high-risk family … environments.” These factors and mechanisms are essential to inform the development of evidence-based prevention and intervention programs for military and other high-risk families. The goals of the proposed study will be accomplished within a research training program aimed at helping the fellow develop expertise in interpersonal family relationships in a high-risk context, observational coding, and statistical analyses involving family and multi-informant data. The training plan includes completion of relevant courses, attendance in targeted workshops, individual supervision and mentorship by experts in the field, and scientific writing and presentation experience.