Mindfulness Mobile App to Reduce Adolescent Substance Use

摘要 青少年司法系统中的青少年吸烟率、饮酒率和其他吸毒率非常高。 (ATOD)，据估计，这一比例是不参与司法的青年的三倍。实质上- 虐待青少年--特别是那些参与少年司法系统的青少年--的风险比 精神健康问题的非使用者，包括抑郁、行为问题、人格障碍、自杀 思想，自杀未遂，和完全自杀。此外，有证据表明，对 药物滥用对大脑发育和应激反应神经生物学系统的影响。有越来越多的 有证据表明，基于正念的干预对各种疾病都是有效的干预 问题，包括青少年中的药物使用。我们建议调整和测试可行性和 帮助青少年药物使用者的智能手机应用程序(APP)干预原型的有效性 减少或戒除他们的物质使用。这项名为Rewire的计划是基于主要物质的使用 戒烟成分在我们之前的工作中对涉及青少年司法的青少年和 干预成分被证明是戒烟的核心，并应用正念方法作为 干预的指导框架。十二模块程序，包括24个组件(12个 教学部分和12个练习部分)，每个模块将以380个高风险进行评估 参与少年司法系统的青少年。拟议中的计划将是唯一 基于正念的移动应用程序，专门针对青少年减少或停止使用物质； 作为现有治疗的辅助手段和在青少年中的使用，对该计划的需求很高 司法系统。我们的研发团队在与青少年合作方面拥有丰富的经验 使用ATOD，我们一直使用正念作为面对面干预青少年的框架 此外，还通过少年司法系统以及Rewire应用程序的第一阶段开发。研究小组将 与在智能手机移动应用程序开发方面拥有丰富经验的二十个想法合作， 谁是第一阶段的软件开发公司？我们将用高 目前报告使用药物的风险青少年。将使用额外的试点测试来指导 开发用于评估的Rewire应用程序。这项评估研究将涉及380名13-18岁的青少年 参与少年司法系统的人使用该应用程序1个月，并完成基线、1个月和3个月的跟踪- 向上。可用性数据、程序参与度、态度、情绪和行为的变化，以及自我报告 物质使用情况将被用来确定Rewire移动应用的效果。

Abstract Adolescents in the juvenile justice system demonstrate very high rates of tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use (ATOD), with rates that are estimated to be three times higher than non-justice-involved youth. Substance- abusing youth – especially those who are involved in the juvenile justice system – are at higher risk than nonusers for mental health problems, including depression, conduct problems, personality disorders, suicidal thoughts, attempted suicide, and completed suicide. Additionally, there is evidence of detrimental effects on brain development and stress responsive neurobiological systems from substance abuse. There is growing evidence that interventions based on mindfulness have been an efficacious intervention for a variety of problems, including substance use among adolescents. We propose to adapt and test the feasibility and efficacy of a smart phone application (app) intervention prototype that would help adolescent substance users reduce or quit their substance use. The program, entitled Rewire, is based on the primary substance use cessation components tested in our previous work with juvenile justice-involved adolescents and on intervention components shown to be central to smoking cessation, and applies a mindfulness approach as the guiding framework for the intervention. The twelve module program, which includes 24 components (12 teaching components and 12 practice components) for each module, will be evaluated with 380 high risk adolescents that are involved in the juvenile justice system. The proposed program will be the only mindfulness-based mobile app specifically targeting the reduction or cessation of adolescent substance use; there is high level of need for the program both as an adjunct to existing treatments and for use in the juvenile justice system. Our research and development team has extensive experience in working with adolescents that use ATOD, and we have been using mindfulness as the framework for in-person interventions with youth in the juvenile justice system as well as through the Phase I development of the Rewire app. The research team will partner with Twenty Ideas, who has extensive experience in the development of mobile apps for smartphones, and who was the software development company for Phase I. We will assess navigation and usability with high risk adolescents who are currently reporting substance use. Additional pilot testing will be used to guide development of the Rewire app for evaluation. The evaluation study will involve having 380 youth ages 13-18 involved in the juvenile justice system use the app for 1 month and complete baseline, 1- and 3-month follow- up. Usability data, program engagement, changes in attitudes, emotions and behaviors, and self-reported substance use will be used to determine the efficacy of the Rewire mobile app.