The Role of Visual Experience in the Maturation of Synaptic and Dendritic Mechanisms for Direction Selectivity
The Role of Visual Experience in the Maturation of Synaptic and Dendritic Mechanisms for Direction Selectivity
批准号:
9973196
负责人:
Malak El-Quessny
金额:
$3.61万
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2018
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2018-08-01 至 2021-05-31
关键词:
3-DimensionalAction PotentialsAdultAnimalsBackBiological AssayBlindnessBrainCalciumDataDendritesDevelopmentDiseaseDistalElectrophysiology (science)ElementsExhibitsEyeFire - disastersGoalsHealthHomeoboxHumanImageInvestigationIon ChannelKnowledgeLightLinkMeasuresMediatingMental RetardationModelingMorphologyMotionMusNeuronsOryctolagus cuniculusParalysedPathologyPharmacologyPhotic StimulationPhysiologyPopulationProcessPropertyResearchRetinaRoleSchizophreniaSensorySensory DisordersSideSignal TransductionSourceSpottingsStimulusSynapsesTestingTimeTransgenic MiceTransgenic OrganismsVisualautism spectrum disorderconditional knockoutdark rearingdeafnessdesignexperienceexperimental studygamma-Aminobutyric Acidganglion cellinsightmouse modelneural circuitneural prosthesisneurodevelopmentneuronal cell bodypostsynapticpreventpromoterreconstructionrelating to nervous systemresponsestarburst amacrine celltranscription factortwo-photonvisual deprivation
中文摘要
-项目摘要1-1-1
--
这项提案的主要目标是确定金融活动在推动全球电路发展进程中的重要作用。
调节视网膜的方向和选择性。选择性视网膜神经节细胞(DSGCs)可以激发许多潜在的作用。
在对灯光刺激的反应中,人们更倾向于选择方向,而很少有行动和潜力能够满足人们对灯光和列车的需求。
相反的,或者说是空的,就是方向。我们的实验室已经使用了DSGCs的群体钙离子成像技术,他们的人更喜欢方向。
紧紧围绕着视觉空间的四个基准轴聚集在一起,旨在展示剥夺动物视觉空间的视觉体验。
减少了他们首选的方向的高度聚集性。黑暗抚养的成年DSGCs被广泛地分布在DSGCs中。
他们更倾向于选择方向,这与他们在睁开眼睛时观察到的DSGCs的调谐类似。然而,他们的选择机制是由他们自己决定的。
目前尚不清楚哪种黑暗养育方法可以防止儿童聚集。这促使人们对视觉障碍的主要作用进行全面调查。
在机制的进一步成熟过程中的经验为进一步的方向--选择性计算--提供了经验。
有两个重要的电路元件决定了方向和选择性。第一,不对称的伽马射线释放。
来自星状细胞、无长突细胞和树突的氨基丁酸(GABA)为选择性调谐DSGCs提供了方向。
通过不对称的突触连接。第二,DGSC的树突以一种定向的方式整合它们的输入。
第二种机制也在一种亚型的DSGC中被揭示,即腹侧偏爱DSGCs,这将表现出抑制性--
独立的定向调谐,也推测可能是因为它们的高度不对称的树枝晶。
在这项建议中,我将探讨突触机制和树突机制对定向微调的贡献。
纵观整个发展,我将把重点放在这些腹侧的DSGCs上,以剖析它们的相对贡献。
在发育过程中,不对称抑制基因和不对称基因树突有助于定向基因调谐。
已有研究表明,来自星状突变型无长突胶质细胞的抑制性信号输入可能会在大约30个DSGCs中建立定向调谐机制。
让人大开眼界的第一次是在大脑一侧形成更多的新突触。这是迈向对世界理解的第一步。
突触调节机制对建立定向调谐的贡献,在目标1中,我将主要使用电生理学。
药理学研究和细胞结构重建需要进一步研究抑制基因输入对定向基因调节的贡献。
在开发过程中(目标1.1,目标1.2),下一步,我将测试由不对称和抑制性信息输入所介导的活动是否有效。
在一个小鼠模型中,建立定向微调系统和不对称微树状结构所必需的条件,这是我们所缺乏的。
功能性氨基酸GABA将在囊中释放蛋白质(Aim 1.3)。以进一步了解不对称氨基酸树突对蛋白质的贡献。
在Aim 2中,我将建议使用同时进行的双光子钙离子成像,以实现对DSGCs的抑制-独立调谐。
以及对树突的视觉刺激。我想问一问,在树突中是否存在活跃的电导,如果存在,是否存在。
因此,我建议继续使用本地化的药物治疗手法,以发现调解这些问题的离子渠道。
非线性电导,横跨整个发展。最后,在目标3中,我将提出在最黑暗的世界中饲养动物的方法。
研究在视觉视觉体验的调节下,大脑的活动如何改变突触和树突。
方向性和选择性的计算。这些研究结果将为了解早期信号如何在未来发挥作用提供关键的科学见解。
视网膜有助于大脑功能和神经回路的发展。
英文摘要
- Project Summary -
The goal of this proposal is to determine the role of activity in the development of the circuits that
mediate direction selectivity in the retina. Direction selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) fire many action potentials
in response to light stimuli moving in a preferred direction and few action potentials to light moving in the
opposite, or null, direction. Our lab has used population calcium imaging of DSGCs, whose preferred directions
tightly cluster around the four cardinal axes of visual space, to show that depriving animals of visual experience
reduces the clustering of preferred directions. Dark-reared adult DSGCs were instead broadly distributed in
their preferred directions, similar to DSGCs tuning observed at eye opening. However, the mechanism by
which dark-rearing prevents clustering remains unknown. This prompts an investigation of the role of visual
experience in the maturation of mechanisms for the direction-selective computation.
There are two important circuit elements for direction selectivity. First, asymmetric release of gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA) from starburst amacrine cells dendrites confers direction selective tuning to DSGCs
through asymmetric synaptic wiring. Second, DGSC dendrites integrate inputs in a directional manner. This
second mechanism is revealed in a subtype of DSGC, the ventral-preferring DSGCs, which exhibit inhibitory-
independent directional tuning, speculated to arise from their asymmetric dendrites.
In this proposal, I explore the contribution of synaptic and dendritic mechanisms to directional tuning
across development. I focus on these ventral-preferring DSGCs to dissect the relative contributions of
asymmetric inhibition and asymmetric dendrites to directional tuning during development. Asymmetric
inhibitory input from starburst amacrine cells has been shown to establish directional tuning in DSGCs around
the time of eye-opening, by forming more synapses on the null side. As a first step towards understanding the
contribution of synaptic mechanisms for establishing directional tuning, in Aim 1, I will use electrophysiology,
pharmacology and cellular reconstructions to examine the contribution of inhibitory input on directional tuning
during development (Aim 1.1, 1.2). Next, I will test whether activity, mediated by asymmetric inhibitory input, is
necessary for establishing directional tuning and asymmetric dendrites in a mouse model where that lacks
functional GABA release in SACs (Aim 1.3). To understand the contribution of asymmetric dendrites to
inhibitory-independent tuning of DSGCs, in Aim 2, I propose to use simultaneous 2-photon calcium imaging
and visual stimulation of dendrites. I ask whether active conductances in the dendrites of DSGCs exist, and if
so, I propose to use localized pharmacological manipulations uncover the ion channels mediating these
nonlinear conductances, across development. Lastly, in Aim 3, I propose to rear animals in the dark to
examine how activity, mediated by visual experience, alters both the synaptic physiology and dendritic
computation of directional selectivity. These findings will provide key insights into how early signaling in the
retina contributes to development of functional neural circuits.
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The Role of Visual Experience in the Maturation of Synaptic and Dendritic Mechanisms for Direction Selectivity
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批准号:9812768
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项目类别:
-
资助金额:$3.98万
-
财政年份:2018
-
负责人:Malak El-Quessny
-
依托单位:
海外基金