A computational framework for attention during urgent choices

项目总结/摘要 选择下一步看哪里需要从可用的所有动作中选择一个特定的运动动作。 选项，选择过程主要由当前的感知信息指导，更多的是个性化的。 直接，由内部因素，如动机，目前的目标，以前的经验，等等。 是开发和测试一个机制框架，用于描述感知和运动规划过程 动态地相互作用并产生扫视选择。这个项目最雄心勃勃的地方在于， 它的目的是提供一个参数详细的框架，适用于一个大家庭的任务， 受到神经生理学的严格限制。在传统的选择行为研究中，一个基于感觉的决定， 首先进行感觉刺激，然后进行运动报告。在这种情况下，选择往往是 被认为是一个系列的过程，感性评价其次是行动选择，其中感性判断， 部件（例如，颜色或运动辨别）相对较慢（几百ms）。但如果票数 扫视选择该方案是相当误导的，因为在自然观看条件下， 注视固定之间的时间相当短（200-250 ms），并且总是计划下一次扫视。基于 紧急操纵，我们实验室最近的工作揭示了许多关于感知如何 和注意力在时间上更现实的条件下引导选择过程，即，当知觉 评估快速发生（< 50 ms），并通知已经在进行的眼科计划。通过组合 我们的紧急选择范式与神经生理学和理论结果，我们已经开发出一个模型 框架，（1）适用于广泛的扫视选择任务，（2）复制丰富的心理物理数据 具有精致的细节，（3）与在额眼区观察到的眼活动完全一致 （FEF）。在这里，我们建议开发和测试这个框架和它的预测与各种扫视的选择 由人类受试者执行的任务。这些任务产生了独特的心理测量 在他们的时间分辨率，并基于这样的测量，我们将研究如何外源（显着性- 驱动）和内源性（规则驱动）空间注意力与眼动活动有关，它们如何与 和彼此不同，以及它们的动态如何与任务表现的个体差异相关- 参与者之间。使用计算模型来拟合数据，我们将测试特定的机械假设 关于视觉互动。该项目的主要创新之处在于，首先，它调查了眼球运动 在快速的时间尺度，这是有关自然发生的视觉行为;第二，它是集成， tive，即，它的目的是将大量的神经生理学和心理物理学的结果综合成一个小数目， 感知-运动相互作用产生扫视选择的原则;第三，它确定了 强大的心理测量特性，可以用来表征基本的认知功能，在两个健康 临床人群。

Project Summary/Abstract The choice of where to look next entails selecting one particular motor action from a repertoire of available options, with the selection process being guided primarily by current perceptual information and, more indi- rectly, by internal factors such as motivation, current goals, previous experience, etc. The goal of this project is to develop and test a mechanistic framework for describing how perceptual and motor-planning processes dynamically interact and give rise to saccadic choices. What is partiuclarly ambitious about this project is that it aims to provide a parametrically detailed framework that is applicable to a large family of tasks while being tightly constrained by neurophysiology. In traditional studies of choice behavior, a decision based on a sen- sory stimulus is made first and is then followed by a motor report. Under such conditions, a choice is often conceived as a serial process of perceptual evaluation followed by action selection, where the perceptual judg- ment (e.g., a color or motion discrimination) is relatively slow (∼hundreds of ms). However, in the case of saccadic choices this scheme is rather misleading, because under natural viewing conditions the median time between gaze fixations is rather short (200–250 ms), and the next saccade is always being planned. Based on urgency manipulations, recent work from our laboratory has uncovered many details about how perception and attention guide the choice process under more temporally realistic conditions, i.e., when the perceptual evaluation occurs rapidly (< 50 ms) and informs oculomotor plans that are already ongoing. By combining our urgent-choice paradigms with neurophysiological and theoretical results, we have developed a modeling framework that (1) is applicable to a wide range of saccadic choice tasks, (2) replicates rich psychophysical data with exquisite detail, and (3) is firmly consistent with the oculomotor activity observed in the frontal eye field (FEF). Here we propose to develop and test this framework and its predictions with a variety of saccadic choice tasks to be performed by human subjects. These tasks give rise to psychometric measurements that are unique in their temporal resolution, and based on such measurements, we will investigate how exogenous (saliency- driven) and endogenous (rule-driven) spatial attention relate to oculomotor activity, how they interact with and differ from each other, and how their dynamics relate to individual differences in task performance be- tween participants. Using the computational model to fit the data, we will test specific mechanistic hypotheses about visuomotor interactions. The key innovations of this project are, first, that it investigates eye movements in the rapid timescale that is relevant for naturally occurring visuomotor behaviors; second, that it is integra- tive, i.e., it aims to synthesize numerous neurophysiological and psychophysical results into a small number of principles whereby perceptuo-motor interactions give rise to saccadic choices; and third, that it identifies robust psychometric properties that can serve to characterize fundamental cognitive functions in both healthy and clinical populations.