Colorectal tumorigenesis on a cricket powder-based diet versus diets based on more typical protein sources

尽管关于科学证据的确切强度仍有一些争论，但仍然存在强烈的 习惯性食用加工肉类是结直肠癌的一个突出的因果风险因素 （CRC）。最近的两项系统性综述得出结论，每天每增加50克的加工食品， 肉类传达了18-23%的风险增加，这一数字与美国成年人高度相关，他们的平均每日消费量 加工过的肉是50-60克。用一种替代蛋白质来代替适量的肉 因此，风险较小的来源可能对减少CRC的社会负担产生重大影响。 尽管几个世纪以来，昆虫是许多文化中重要的蛋白质来源，但直到最近， 在北美作为一种可接受的蛋白质来源开始受到关注。蟋蟀粉，由磨碎的， 整个烤蟋蟀，可以掺入许多食物中，味道几乎没有或没有可辨别的变化， 这使它成为一个很好的候选人接受在一个文化天真的食虫。不仅如此， 蛋白质含量很高，但在质量上它是一种完整的蛋白质。此外，板球粉的独特阵列， 物理化学特征表明它可能具有预防癌症的特性。然而，对 以前从未探索过以昆虫为基础的食品用于预防癌症，因此， 这一探索性的建议与R 03机制的精神高度一致。实现蛋白质 通过食虫学满足需求的另一个好处是促进可持续农业， 美国农业部的长期目标。我们假设在一个公认的动物模型中 在CRC中，与对照组相比， 其蛋白质来自加工肉类，并且将不劣于观察到的肿瘤发生 饮食中的蛋白质来自传统的非肉类来源，奶制品和大豆。 我们的长期目标是确定一种新的方法来预防CRC，这种方法是有效的，非侵入性的， 耐受性好，成本低，因此在国内和全球都有广泛的应用。一个次要的长- 长期目标是促进可持续粮食系统。我们打算在小鼠肥胖模型中进行研究- 促进结直肠癌的发生，以：1）确定用蟋蟀粉替代是否会减弱 增加结肠直肠肿瘤的风险，伴随着习惯性食用加工肉类，2）检查 基于蟋蟀粉的饮食产生的肿瘤发生是否不劣于蛋白质来源的饮食， 从大豆粉或全脂牛奶固体，和3）开始描绘生物化学，分子，和细胞动力学 蟋蟀粉为基础的饮食比加工肉类产生更少的肿瘤发生的途径。我 实验室已成功地进行了广泛的研究课题，在营养化学预防 结直肠癌发生在各种动物模型超过25年，为我们提供了所有必要的 我们需要有专业知识，以科学严谨的方式迅速开展拟议的研究。

Although some debate continues over the precise strength of the scientific evidence, there remains a strong consensus that habitual consumption of processed meat is a prominent causal risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Two recent systematic reviews have concluded that each additional 50 gram serving/day of processed meat conveys an 18-23% increased risk, a figure highly relevant to U.S. adults whose mean daily consumption of processed meat is 50-60 grams. Substituting a modest proportion of that meat with an alternative protein source with lesser risk could therefore have a major impact on reducing the societal burden of CRC. Although an important protein source in many cultures for centuries, only recently have select insect species begun to gain traction as an acceptable protein source in North America. Cricket powder, comprised of ground, whole roasted crickets, can be incorporated into many foodstuffs with little or no discernible change in taste, making it an excellent candidate for acceptance in a culture naïve to entomophagy. Moreover, not only is its protein content very high, but qualitatively it is a complete protein. Further, cricket powder’s unique array of physiochemical features indicate it may possess cancer-preventive properties. Nevertheless an examination of insect-based foodstuffs for the purpose of cancer prevention has never before been explored, so the scope of this exploratory proposal is highly consistent with the spirit of the R03 mechanism. Achieving protein requirements through entomophagy has the further advantage of promoting sustainable agriculture, a longstanding goal of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We hypothesize that in a well-accepted animal model of CRC, tumorigenesis will be diminished by a diet whose protein is largely derived from cricket powder compared to one whose protein is derived from processed meat, and will be non-inferior to the tumorigenesis observed with diets whose protein is derived from the conventional non-meat sources, dairy and soy. Our long-term goal is to identify a novel approach to CRC prevention that is effective, non-invasive, well- tolerated, and low cost, and thus will have wide application both domestically and globally. A secondary long- term goal is to promote sustainable food systems. We propose to conduct a study in a murine model of obesity- promoted colorectal carcinogenesis to: 1) determine whether substitution with cricket powder attenuates the enhanced risk of colorectal neoplasia that accompanies the habitual consumption of processed meat, 2) examine whether tumorigenesis generated by a cricket powder-based diet is non-inferior to diets whose protein is derived from soy flour or whole milk solids, and 3) begin to delineate the biochemical, molecular, and cytokinetic pathways by which a cricket-powder based diet generates less tumorigenesis than a processed meat one. My laboratory has successfully pursued a wide array of research topics in the nutritional chemoprevention of colorectal carcinogenesis in various animal models for over 25 years, providing us with all the necessary expertise to conduct the proposed study expeditiously and with scientific rigor.