Retinal interactions between rod and cone signals

我们对视网膜回路在星光下如何工作有了一个新的理解，当视杆占主导地位时 视网膜输入和日光，当视锥细胞主导视网膜输入时。我们对视网膜如何 当杆和锥体相互作用时起作用--就像它们从月光到黎明或黄昏。互动 在这些条件下，视杆信号和视锥信号之间形成了时间、色度和空间锐度 幻象。由于视杆细胞和视锥细胞的信号汇聚在相同的视网膜输出细胞上，相互作用 这些信号之间很可能在塑造认知方面起到实质性的作用。的宏伟目标 我们的工作是理解决定杆状和锥体介导的信号如何相互作用的机制 控制视网膜输出和感知。 我们将集中在三个问题上：(1)杆状来源的信号通过灵长类动物的哪些途径 视网膜，路线依赖于光线水平吗？(2)视杆细胞和视锥细胞信号是独立适应还是独立适应 有共同的适应机制吗？(3)控制时变积分的电路机制是什么 视杆和视锥信号以及对视网膜输出和感觉的影响是什么？我们会 使用电生理记录所有主要细胞类型的反应来回答这些问题 灵长类视网膜。类似的问题出现在许多其他神经回路中；因此，拟议的工作将改善我们的 对神经功能的一般了解。

We have an emerging understanding of how retinal circuits work in starlight, when rods dominate retinal inputs, and daylight, when cones dominate retinal inputs. We know much less about how the retina works when rods and cones are coactive—as they are from moonlight to dawn or dusk. Interactions between rod and cone signals under these conditions shape the temporal, chromatic and spatial acuity of vision. Because rod- and cone-derived signals converge upon the same retinal output cells, interactions between these signals are very likely to play a substantial role in shaping perception. The broad goal of our work is to understand the mechanisms that dictate how rod- and cone-mediated signals interact to control retinal outputs and perception. We will focus on three questions: (1) What routes do rod-derived signals take through the primate retina, and does the route depend on light level? (2) Do rod and cone signals adapt independently or are there shared adaptational mechanisms? (3) What circuit mechanisms control integration of time-varying rod and cone signals and what are the consequences for the retinal output and perception? We will answer these questions using electrophysiological recordings of responses from all major cells types in primate retina. Similar issues arise in many other neural circuits; thus, the proposed work will improve our general understanding of neural function.