Designing and Evaluating High-Impact Pictorial Health Warnings for Food Products

项目摘要 不良饮食和肥胖是心血管疾病(CVD)的主要原因。需要图片上的健康警告 在食品包装的前沿是一项有希望但尚未得到充分研究的政策，以减少心血管疾病的饮食风险因素。 这一战略有可能改善公共卫生，包括拉美裔，这是世界上最大的少数群体 我们。我提出的研究和培训的目标是设计图画食品健康警告，以减少饮食 心血管疾病的风险因素，并注意英语水平较低的拉美裔人的影响。在目标1中，我 将开发英文图画食品健康警示，将营养素(即饱和脂肪、钠、 糖)与心血管疾病的后果，在营养、心血管健康和 法律。我将在包括LEP拉丁裔在内的美国成年人的焦点小组中预先测试由此产生的食品健康警告。在一个 离散选择实验，我将选择最终警告用于目标2和目标3。在目标2，我将评估 图片警示是否会增加虚拟购物中购买虚拟食品的健康程度 做实验。我将随机分配一个美国成年人样本(一半是LEP拉丁裔，一半是非拉丁裔)来查看 在虚拟超市的食品上贴上图片警告或控制标签，并将测试图片是否 警告增加了购买虚拟食品的健康程度(即减少卡路里、饱和脂肪、糖和 购买的钠)。我还将研究LEP状态是否会缓和图片警告对 购买食品。我预计图片警示在LEP拉丁裔中的影响将比非拉丁裔更强 因为与文本配对的图像将比单独的文本更好地传达风险。最后，在《目标3》中，我将 随机分配美国成年人观看图片警告或控制标签，并评估图片是否 警告增加了对警告的客观测量的生理反应，包括注意(即， 停留时间，通过眼神跟踪测量)和负面情绪(即，皱眉和手汗，测量 使用电极)。这项研究解决了NHLBI减少心血管疾病的战略目标，以及研究所的 首要目标是调查造成健康差距的因素。K01将帮助我实现 我的长期职业目标是成为行为研究的领导者，为肥胖预防政策提供信息， 重点关注拉丁裔的健康差距。在这个职业发展奖的支持下，我将建立一个 独立研究计划，以提高对如何设计有效政策以防止贫困的理解 饮食和饮食相关的肥胖。具体地说，K01将使我能够在1)可修改的方面弥补培训空白 心血管疾病的饮食决定因素，重点是拉丁裔差异，2)离散选择实验，3)眼睛 追踪方法。我的培训计划包括在我的跨学科导师团队中当学徒， 正式课程、实践研究活动，以及参加国家会议、研究小组、 和专业团体。K01将为我提供成为独立人士所需的经验 有能力成功竞争R01资金以继续在该领域工作的研究人员。

PROJECT ABSTRACT Poor diet and obesity are major causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Requiring pictorial health warnings on the front of food packaging is a promising yet understudied policy to reduce dietary risk factors for CVD. This strategy has potential to improve public health, including among Latinos, the largest minority group in the US. The goal of my proposed research and training is to design pictorial food health warnings to reduce dietary risk factors for CVD, with attention to the effects among Latinos with low English proficiency (LEP). In Aim 1, I will develop English-language pictorial food health warnings linking nutrients (i.e., saturated fat, sodium, sugar) with CVD consequences, with guidance from a panel of experts in nutrition, cardiovascular health, and law. I will pre-test the resulting food health warnings in focus groups with US adults, including LEP Latinos. In a discrete choice experiment, I will select the final warnings for use in Aims 2 and 3. In Aim 2, I will evaluate whether pictorial warnings increase healthfulness of virtual food purchases in a virtual shopping experiment. I will randomly assign a sample of US adults (half LEP Latinos and half non-Latinos) to view pictorial warnings or control labels on food products in a virtual supermarket and will test whether pictorial warnings increase healthfulness of virtual food purchases (i.e., reduce calories, saturated fat, sugar, and sodium of purchases). I will also examine whether LEP status moderates the impact of pictorial warnings on food purchases. I expect the impact of pictorial warnings will be stronger among LEP Latinos than non-Latinos because the images paired with text will better communicate risk than text alone. Finally, in Aim 3, I will randomly assign US adults to view pictorial warnings or control labels and will assess whether pictorial warnings increase objectively-measured physiological responses to warnings including attention (i.e., dwell time, measured with eye tracking) and negative emotion (i.e., frowning and hand sweating, measured with electrodes). This research addresses NHLBI's strategic goal of reducing CVD, as well as the Institute's overarching objective to investigate factors that account for health disparities. The K01 will help me achieve my long-term career goal of becoming a leader in behavioral research to inform obesity prevention policy, with a focus on Latino health disparities. With support from this career development award, I will build an independent research program to improve understanding of how to design effective policies to prevent poor diets and diet-related obesity. Specifically, the K01 will allow me to address training gaps in 1) modifiable dietary determinants of CVD, with a focus on Latino disparities, 2) discrete choice experiments, and 3) eye tracking methodology. My training plan includes apprenticeships with my interdisciplinary mentorship team, formal coursework, hands-on research activities, and participation in national conferences, research groups, and professional societies. The K01 will provide me with the experience necessary to become an independent researcher capable of successfully competing for R01 funding to continue work in this area.