Neuromodulation in visual cortex

摘要/摘要 上升的乙酰胆碱能和去甲肾上腺素能神经调节系统被认为能改变信息 大脑皮层的时间和空间精确度处理(Obermayer等人，2017)。然而，我们缺乏基本的 关于这些系统如何影响感知和决策的神经反应的信息 清醒的、行为正常的受试者的感觉皮层。这个项目的首要目标是研究胆碱能 在视觉检测任务期间，视觉皮质的去甲肾上腺素能输入被激活。基因编码 神经递质记录仪(Grab-Ach，Grab-NE)是一种可以测量局部神经递质的新型工具 皮质中的浓度，分辨率为亚秒级。这些新开发的遗传编码神经递质 记者提供了一个史无前例的窗口，让我们了解在 感性的决策。目标1将确定ACh和NE神经递质浓度的关系 初级视觉皮质对行为决策变量的影响。目标2将定义ACh和NE的关系 初级视觉皮质的神经递质浓度与神经表征的保真度有关。这部作品 将为更大规模的研究提供初步数据，以检验对神经递质浓度的影响 操纵认知变量，如注意力、决策和工作记忆。这些首字母 实验将为未来用全身性药物操纵神经递质浓度的研究奠定基础。 或颅内注射药物，以测试神经递质和行为之间的因果关系 性能。

Summary/Abstract Ascending acetylcholinergic and noradrenergic neuromodulatory systems are thought to alter information processing in cerebral cortex with spatial and temporal precision (Obermayer et al., 2017). Yet we lack basic information about how these systems affect neural responses underlying perception and decision-making in sensory cortex of awake, behaving subjects. The overarching goal of this project is to investigate how cholinergic and noradrenergic inputs to visual cortex are activated during a visual detection task. Genetically coded neurotransmitter reporters (GRAB-Ach, GRAB-NE) are novel tools that can measure local neurotransmitter concentrations in cortex with sub-second resolution. These newly developed genetically coded neurotransmitter reporters offer an unprecedented window into real-time changes in local neurotransmitter concentration during perceptual decision-making. Aim 1 will define the relationship of ACh and NE neurotransmitter concentrations in primary visual cortex to behavioral decision variables. Aim 2 will define the relationship of ACh and NE neurotransmitter concentrations in primary visual cortex to the fidelity of the neural representation. This work will provide preliminary data for larger scale studies that examine the effect on neurotransmitter concentrations of manipulating cognitive variables such as attention, decision-making, and working memory. These initial experiments will set the stage for future studies that manipulate neurotransmitter concentrations with systemic or intracranial drug injections to test causal relationships between neurotransmitters and behavioral performance.