Regulation of Circadian Rhythms and Sleep by The Lunar Month

项目总结 在整个进化和历史过程中，人类通过建立 保护它们免受外部环境影响的人工栖息地。这极大地影响了人类的时间和数量 睡觉，尤其是自从电灯几乎普及以来。这种隔离和睡眠模式改变的关键是 操控人造灯光并将活动延长到夜间的能力。我们实验室最近的一项研究发现 在整个月亮周期中，睡眠的时间会发生变化，夜间睡眠的时间会更晚、更短 直到满月。令人惊讶的是，我们不仅在农村发现了这种月球周期调制，而且在城市环境中也发现了这种调制。 睡眠由两个同时进行的过程控制：生物钟决定最佳的睡眠时间 在24小时的周期中，当我们保持清醒时，对睡眠的动态平衡驱动力会增加。这两个过程结合在一起 以确定人类的自然夜间睡眠模式。该项目旨在确定这两者中的哪一个 调节睡眠的机制在整个月亮周期中受到影响，以延迟和缩短夜间的睡眠 在满月之前。我们将结合睡眠的纵向现场记录和睡眠实验室策略来解决 以下两个目标： 具体目标1：评估TOBA/QOM社区月亮周期相反阶段的昼夜节律。我们会 对阿根廷北部农村和城市土生土长的Toba/Qom社区的睡眠进行纵向监测。在……里面 我们将评估具有强健月球模式的个体的褪黑素发作(DLMO)阶段，黄金- 确定人类昼夜节律的标准，在满月和新月到来的日子里。我们的假设是 昼夜节律时钟的相位在月亮周期中被调制，并预测DLMO的相位将是 相对于新月前的日子，在满月之前的日子延迟的。 具体目标2：评估睡眠的昼夜节律阶段，以及睡眠的相反阶段的昼夜节律和稳态调节 在一个高度城市化的社区里的月亮周期。我们已经证实，这种月球调制即使在 工业化社会，在那里，人造光在晚上统治着满月的光。我们将放映西雅图 参与者通过纵向睡眠监测，选择那些最强健的月亮节律参与其中 睡眠实验室在月亮周期的相反阶段访问两次。我们将使用多导睡眠图来唤醒和睡眠 记录，以及一个恒定的例行方案，以研究在昼夜节律阶段和#年潜在的月球月变化。 睡眠剥夺后睡眠的稳态调节。 几十年来，月球是否会影响睡眠一直是一个备受争议的问题。我们最近的工作证明了 在现实生活条件下，睡眠模式在月亮周期中以一种非常可预测的方式变化，在非常不同的情况下 在不同的环境下，不同的种群。该项目旨在阐明通过哪些机制实现这一目标 调节的发生，这将进一步加深我们对人类睡眠的调节，以及它对健康和 疾病。

PROJECT SUMMARY Throughout evolution and history humans have progressively isolated themselves from the natural cycles by building artificial habitats that shield them from the external environment. This has vastly affected when and how much humans sleep, especially since the near universalization of electric light. The key to this isolation and change in sleep patterns is the ability to manipulate artificial light and extend activity into the nighttime. A recent study from our laboratory found that the timing of sleep changes across the moon cycle, with later and shorter events of night sleep on the nights leading up to the full moon. Surprisingly, we found this lunar cycle modulation not only in rural but also in urban environments. Sleep is controlled by two simultaneous processes: the circadian clock determines the optimal times for sleep throughout the 24-h cycle while the homeostatic drive for sleep increases as we stay awake. The two processes combine to determine the natural human patterns of night sleep. This project aims to determine which of these two mechanisms that regulate sleep is affected throughout the moon cycle to delay and shorten sleep on the nights before full moon. We will combine longitudinal field recordings of sleep and sleep laboratory strategies to address the following two aims: Specific Aim 1: Assess circadian phase at opposite phases of the moon cycle in Toba/Qom communities. We will conduct longitudinal monitoring of sleep in rural and urban native Toba/Qom communities in northern Argentina. In individuals with robust lunar patterns we will assess the phase of the dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO), the gold- standard for determining circadian phase in humans, in the days leading to the full and new moons. Our hypothesis is that the phase of the circadian clock is modulated across the moon cycle, and predicts that the DLMO phase will be delayed on the days preceding the full moon relative to the pre-new moon days. Specific Aim 2: Assess circadian phase, and circadian and homeostatic regulation of sleep at opposite phases of the moon cycle in a highly urbanized community. We have already confirmed that this lunar modulation is present even in industrialized societies, where artificial light during the evening reigns over the full moon’s light. We will screen Seattle participants through longitudinal sleep monitoring and select those with the most robust lunar rhythms to participate in sleep laboratory visits twice at the opposite phases of the moon cycle. We will use polysomnographic wake and sleep recordings, as well as a constant routine protocol to study the potential lunar monthly change in circadian phase and in the homeostatic regulation of sleep after sleep deprivation. Whether the moon can affect sleep has been a matter of high controversy for decades. Our recent work demonstrated that sleep patterns vary across the moon cycle in a very predictable manner in real life conditions, in very different populations and under different environments. This project aims to shed light on the mechanisms through which this modulation occurs, which will further our understanding of the regulation of human sleep, and its impact on health and disease.