RFA-CE-22-004, Firearm Violence Perpetration: A Nationally Representative Multi-Wave Survey of Youth and Young Adults Across the United States

项目总结/摘要 为响应CDC的RFA-CE-22-004（研究目标1，资助方案B），我们 建议对2 750名青年进行具有全国代表性的三波纵向调查， 10-34岁的年轻人，以确定与间接 （目击）和直接（持枪，犯罪和受害）枪支暴力在美国。 全国代表性样本将通过NORC的AmeriSpeak Panel®招募。 本研究以社会生态学框架为指导，以生命历程为视角， 提供关键数据，以更好地查明有枪支暴力风险的青年和年轻成年人， 包括来自个人、家庭、同伴、学校/工作和社区的过去和当前因素 可能放大风险并导致不同类型枪支暴力的背景。我们将调查 这些领域的因素如何在三个发展阶段发挥作用（10-17，18-24，25-34 年龄）。该项目的具体目标是：（SA 1）提供基于人口的 直接（实施、携带枪支和伤害）和间接（目睹）枪支暴力; (SA2)识别个人，关系（同伴，家庭，浪漫伴侣），学校/工作场所，以及 与间接和直接火器暴力有关的社区一级风险和保护因素; （SA 3）了解青年和年轻人有机会的因素， 参与旁观者行为，以帮助防止枪支暴力。使用国家代表 纵向设计在这一领域很少使用，本研究将通过以下方式解决研究中的差距： 比较风险因素在青少年和青年发育期的变化， 检查可修改的保护因素的详细措施，比较不同形式的 枪支暴力相关，并检查“旁观者行为”在减少枪支暴力。 将对每个具体目标进行描述性和双变量分析，以确定总体 枪支暴露的流行率和各亚组的暴露差异，以及更多 先进的建模技术，如潜在类分析和结构方程建模 将被用来检查风险/保护因素和结果之间的关系， 兴趣我们来自芝加哥大学NORC的跨学科团队（领导）和 新罕布什尔州大学专门从事暴力预防研究，并在以下方面拥有专长： 数据链接、纵向分析和多层次建模。基于人口的研究，如 这里提出的一个，是至关重要的通知小学和中学的发展 预防和干预工作，适用于广泛的青年和青年 成年人以及枪支暴力暴露的高风险人群。

Project Summary/Abstract In response to CDC’s RFA-CE-22-004 (Research Objective 1, Funding Option B), we propose to conduct a nationally representative 3-wave longitudinal survey of 2,750 youth and young adults ages 10-34 to identify risk and protective factors associated with indirect (witnessing) and direct (gun carrying, perpetration, and victimization) firearm violence in the US. The nationally representative sample will be recruited through NORC’s AmeriSpeak Panel®. This study, guided by the Socio-Ecological Framework and a life course perspective, will provide critical data to better identify youth and young adults at risk for firearm violence, including past and concurrent factors from individual, family, peer, school/work, and community contexts that may amplify risk and lead to different types of firearm violence. We will investigate how factors from these domains function in three developmental periods (10-17, 18-24, 25-34 years of age). Specific aims of the project are to: (SA1) provide population-based estimates of direct (perpetration, gun carrying and victimization) and indirect (witnessing) firearm violence; (SA2) identify the individual, relational (peer, family, romantic partner), school/workplace, and community-level risk and protective factors associated with indirect and direct firearm violence; and (SA3) understand the factors under which youth and young adults have the opportunity and engage in bystander behavior to help prevent firearm violence. Using a nationally representative longitudinal design rarely used in this field, this study will address gaps in the research by comparing how risk factors vary across youth and young adult developmental periods, examining detailed measures of modifiable protective factors, comparing how different forms of firearm violence co-relate, and examining “bystander behavior” in reducing firearm violence. Descriptive and bivariate analyses will be conducted for each specific aim to identify overall prevalence rates of firearm exposure and disparities in exposure by subgroup, and more advanced modeling techniques such as latent class analysis and structural equation modelling will be used to examine the relationship between risk/protective factors and outcomes of interest. Our interdisciplinary team from NORC at the University of Chicago (lead) and the University of New Hampshire specializes in violence prevention research, and has expertise in data linkages, longitudinal analyses, and multi-level modeling. Population-based studies, like the one proposed here, are critical for informing the development of primary and secondary prevention and intervention efforts that are applicable to a broad spectrum of youth and young adults as well as those who represent high risk for firearm violence exposure.