Biobehavioral Reward Responses Associated with Consumption of Nutritionally Diverse Ultra-Processed Foods

项目摘要/摘要 我的职业目标是开发一个独立的研究项目，利用综合的、多种方法 研究超加工食品(UPF)直接导致暴食的机制的方法 还有肥胖症。我作为一名临床心理学家所受的训练使我有了坚实的基础来理解 可能导致暴饮暴食的行为反应和进食问题的个体差异 行为。然而，我没有接受过可能推动UPF消费的生物基础方面的正式培训 我正在寻求在评估奖励过程和识别行为表型方面的高级培训 在肥胖症中。我的培训计划将建立在我的技能基础上，并在三个方面扩大我的知识：1) 采用确定奖励物质的强化成分的方法，以评估 UPF的属性有助于其高奖励潜力；2)调查个体的生物标志物 食物奖励以及对UPF消费的生理和代谢反应的差异；以及3)识别 肥胖患者的行为表型，以便更好地了解对UPF奖赏的不同易感性。在……里面 为了实现这些目标，我将在我的导师的指导下参加各种培训活动 团队，包括定期监督会议、定向阅读、出席课程、研讨会和 科学会议和实验室方法培训。拟议的研究将采用受试者内设计。 通过评估生物行为奖赏反应的差异来实现这些训练目标 脂肪+精制碳水化合物，与仅高脂肪的UPF或仅或最低限度的精制碳水化合物相比 加工食品。参与者每人将参加四次食物消费预约，一次一次 上述食物类型，其中奖励和代谢反应的主观指数将被评估，而 预测和品尝食物。这项工作是第一次阐明生物和行为。 食用营养多样的UPF的经历，可能会机械地导致暴饮暴食。 了解UPF中哪些成分最具增强性及其生物行为基础将有助于 针对体重控制和有问题的饮食行为的新干预目标。中国的环境 德雷克塞尔体重、饮食和生活方式科学中心和最先进的课程和研讨会 大学是我理想的培养目标。我的导师团队将由埃文·福尔曼博士(教授， 心理和脑科学系；体重、饮食和生活方式科学中心主任) 并包括Kelly Allison博士(体重和饮食障碍教授)在生物学方面的培训 食物奖励的基础和珍妮特·奥德兰-麦戈文博士(教授，成瘾)在方法论上用于 评估物质的强化性质。这一跨学科团队将促进成功实施 建议的研究和培训计划，以及根据调查结果开发R01应用程序 从目前的工作中。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT My career goal is to develop an independent research program that utilizes a comprehensive, multi-method approach to investigate mechanisms by which ultra-processed foods (UPFs) directly contribute to overeating and obesity. My training as a clinical psychologist has provided me with a strong foundation in understanding behavioral responses that may contribute to overeating and individual differences in problematic eating behavior. However, I have had no formal training in biological underpinnings that may drive UPF consumption and am seeking advanced training in evaluating reward processes and identifying behavioral phenotypes within obesity. My training plan will build upon my skillsets and expand my knowledge in three areas: 1) adapting methods used to identify the reinforcing ingredients of rewarding substances to assess which attributes of UPFs contribute to their high reward potential; 2) investigating biological markers of individual differences in food reward and physiological and metabolic responses to UPF consumption; and 3) identifying behavioral phenotypes within obesity in order to better understand differential susceptibility to UPF reward. In order to achieve these objectives, I will engage in a variety of training activities, guided by my mentorship team, including regular supervision meetings, directed readings, attendance at classes, seminars, and scientific conferences, and in-lab methodological training. The proposed study will use a within-subjects design to address these training goals by evaluating differences in biobehavioral reward responses to UPFs high in both fat + refined carbohydrates, compared to UPFs high in fat only or refined carbohydrates only or minimally processed foods. Participants will each attend four food consumption appointments, one for each aforementioned food type, where subjective indices of reward and metabolic responses will be assessed while anticipating and eating the food. The present work is the first to elucidate the biological and behavioral experiences of consuming nutritionally diverse UPFs that may mechanistically contribute to overeating. Understanding which ingredients in UPFs are most reinforcing and the biobehavioral underpinnings will inform novel intervention targets for weight management and problematic eating behavior. The environment at the Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science and state-of-the-art coursework and seminars at Drexel University are ideal for my training goals. My mentorship team will be led by Dr. Evan Forman (Professor, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences; Director, Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science) and includes training from Dr. Kelly Allison (Professor, Weight and Eating Disorders) in the biological underpinnings of food reward and Dr. Janet Audrain-McGovern (Professor, Addictions) in methodology used to assess the reinforcing nature of substances. This interdisciplinary team will facilitate successful implementation of the proposed research and training plan and the development of an R01 application based on the findings from the present work.