Project 4: Pathophysiology of age-related changes in speech recognition

项目总结/摘要-项目4 语音识别能力的下降导致经济机会的丧失，社会孤立， 和抑郁症当听众必须努力在噪音中识别语音时， 尤其是患有代谢性老年性耳聋的老年人。项目4检查老年人的能力， 代谢、感觉和神经性老年听觉，以利用声学水平的语音线索，帮助识别语音 声音，以及一个自适应控制系统，有助于优化性能，在具有挑战性的任务。 目的4.1检验了听觉水平语音线索的感知在不同语言环境中受到不同影响的假设。 代谢、感觉和神经性老年性聋表型，因为表现能力的差异 关键低频信息（例如，音高）和具有快速起始的简短信息（例如，声音开始时间）。 目标4.2检验了一个假设，即有限的功能的正面自适应控制系统的结果出乎意料地 阈上言语识别能力差，尤其是患有代谢性老年性聋的老年人， 小血管疾病，内耳和额叶皮质衰退的常见原因。结构和 功能性神经成像数据将与感知决策建模相结合，以测试这些 假设和一个总体因果模型，在听觉和额叶自适应控制系统下降 影响频谱和时间信息的积累并修改语音期间的决策边界 识别.项目4的结果有望解释为什么具有不同机制的老年人 老年性聋经历语音识别困难，这可能会指导咨询和设计， 选择干预措施，以提高沟通和生活质量。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT – PROJECT 4 Age-related declines in speech recognition lead to the loss of economic opportunity, social isolation, and depression. These declines are pronounced when listeners must work to recognize speech in noise, particularly older adults with metabolic presbyacusis. Project 4 examines the ability of older adults with metabolic, sensory, and neural presbyacusis to leverage acoustic-level phonetic cues that help identify speech sounds, as well as an adaptive control system that helps to optimize performance during challenging tasks. Aim 4.1 tests the hypothesis that perception of acoustic-level phonetic cues is differentially affected across metabolic, sensory, and neural presbyacusis phenotypes because of differences in the ability to represent critical low-frequency information (e.g., pitch) and brief information with rapid onsets (e.g., voice onset time). Aim 4.2 tests the hypothesis that limited function of a frontal adaptive control system results in unexpectedly poor suprathreshold speech recognition, particularly in older adults with metabolic presbyacusis, because of small vessel disease, a common cause explanation for inner ear and frontal cortical declines. Structural and functional neuroimaging data will be integrated with perceptual decision-making modeling to test these hypotheses and an overarching causal model that declines in auditory and frontal adaptive control systems affect the accumulation of spectral and temporal information and modify decision boundaries during speech recognition. The results from Project 4 are expected to explain why older adults with different mechanisms of presbyacusis experience speech recognition difficulties, which may guide counseling and the design and selection of interventions to enhance communication and quality of life.