Redeveloping Low-Income Communities Of Color: Impacts On Residents' Obesity And Related Health Behaviors

项目摘要 肥胖的社会经济和种族-民族不平等在文献中有很好的记载。关键要坚持 了解这些肥胖差异的决定因素，因为肥胖与许多人的风险增加有关。 其他健康结果包括癌症、高血压、2型糖尿病、中风、哮喘和早期死亡率。是 我认为，这些差异在某种程度上是由于建筑和自然环境以及 低收入和少数民族人口居住社区的住房质量。然而，目前尚不清楚， 在一定程度上，通过改善住房和社区， 环境，例如，通过改善步行性、绿色空间、健康食品获取、安全和空气质量， 少数民族社区。为了解决这一研究空白，我们建议研究一种对时间敏感的自然 通过改变建筑环境，最终显著改善健康机会的实验 和住房质量。洛杉矶市房屋管理局 计划重新开发兰乔圣佩德罗（以下简称兰乔）社区，一个过时的478个单位的公共 位于洛杉矶港口旁边的住宅项目。重建将为现有的住房建造新的住房。 居民，增加负担得起的住房，混合收入住房和住房所有权单位， 通过公园、绿色空间、慢跑小径、社区花园， 街道照明和零售空间，并创造住房和建筑环境的改善，将减少空气污染， 港口的污染。目前的兰乔居民将继续住在现有的住房期间， 重建，因此，居民将经历与建筑相关的中断（绿地损失 和步行性、噪音和空气污染）。我们的目标是研究这些短期干扰对 居民的BMI和相关的健康结果（例如，心血管、哮喘恶化）。我们将通过 跟踪了兰乔的一群居民和一个对照公共住房地点。在第一章中，我们将讨论短- 兰乔公共住房重建对居民BMI和相关健康结果的长期影响。在 目标2，我们将揭示观察到的健康结果变化的潜在机制， 观察到的变化是如何发生的以及为什么发生的。最后，在目标3中，我们将探索不同时间的调节效应- 活动模式、社会人口统计和健康状况，以了解哪些人和哪些情况下 情况发生了变化。

Project Summary Socioeconomic and racial-ethnic inequalities in obesity are well documented in the literature. It is vital to understand the determinants of these disparities in obesity, as obesity is linked to increased risk for many other health outcomes including cancer, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, stroke, asthma, and early mortality. It is suggested that these disparities are due, to some extent, to the built and natural environments as well as in housing quality in the communities where low-income and minority populations live. However, it is unclear as to the extent to which health disparities can be reduced by improving housing and neighborhood environments, e.g., by improving walkability, green space, healthy food access, safety, and air quality, in low- income minority communities. To address this research gap, we propose to study a time-sensitive natural experiment that will ultimately significantly improve opportunities for health by altering the built-environment and housing quality in a low-income urban community. The Housing Authority of the City of Los Angeles is planning to redevelop the Rancho San Pedro (hereafter, Rancho) community, an obsolete 478-unit public housing project located next to the Port of Los Angeles. The redevelopment will build new housing for existing residents, add additional units for affordable housing, mixed-income housing and homeownership units, provide several opportunities for healthier lifestyles via parks, green spaces, jogging trails, community gardens, street lighting, and retail space, and create housing and built environment enhancements that will reduce air pollution exposure from the Port. Current Rancho residents will continue to live in existing housing during the redevelopment, and as a result, residents will experience construction-related disruption (loss of greenspace and walkability, noise and air pollution). Our goal is to study the effects of these short-term disruptions on residents’ BMI and related health outcomes (e.g., cardiovascular, asthma exacerbation). We will do this by following a cohort of residents of Rancho and a control public housing site. In Aim 1, we will examine the short- term impact of the Rancho public housing redevelopment on residents’ BMI and related health outcomes. In Aim 2, we will unpack the potential mechanisms for the observed change in health outcomes to investigate both why and how observed changes occur. Finally, in Aim 3, we will explore moderating effects by time- activity patterns, socio-demographics, and health status to understand for whom and under what circumstances changes were observed.