The neural foundations of regulation in infancy and the role of individual and environmental factors over time

项目摘要/摘要 调节的神经机制支持社会情绪能力63、74，并可能起到韧性的作用 面对发育风险的因素13，17.研究这些神经机制如何 婴儿期的出现和变化可以确定干预的关键时期以及个人和背景 决定神经发育轨迹的因素。这篇文献中存在三个主要差距：1)神经性 调节的相关性在成人文献中已经很好地确立了，但还没有被纵向检验。 在婴儿期。2)气质风险、父母心理病态和亲子交易的影响 只与神经活动的横断面研究有关，而与神经发育轨迹无关。3) 亲子调节社会化和心理病理的神经认知机制 人们对交易知之甚少。在这一建议中，前两个差距将由论文来解决 项目，并提出了一项计划，以解决第三个差距与博士后研究。 在F99阶段，对8~24个月的婴儿进行4次重复脑电检查 产后将被用来绘制婴儿在儿童时期参与调节的神经标记的轨迹 和成人期。脑电数据将提供两个神经关联：Delta-beta同步性和网络连接。 在每次实验室探视时，都会收集婴儿的静息状态脑电，并在 一个5分钟的自由游戏任务。此外，主要照顾者报告他们孩子的气质和他们自己的 每一波都有焦虑。这些重复的措施设计将使申请者能够解决三个主要问题 问题：1)在婴儿期，作为调控基础的局部和全球神经机制是如何出现和变化的。 2)婴儿负性情绪和母亲焦虑是如何影响这些神经轨迹的。3)多二元 母婴关系中的积极情感和反应模式会影响这些神经轨迹。在……里面 在K00阶段，申请者将使用新技术来评估母亲的二元神经和认知活动- 儿童相互作用，以便将特定的调节社会化策略映射到神经同步、联合注意、 以及焦虑的风险。 目前的提议需要一个综合的博士前和博士后培训计划，为申请者作为 发展神经科学领域的独立研究员。有四个首要的培训目标：1)收获 在婴儿大脑发育研究方面的专业知识。2)学习和应用先进的定量方法和二元论 对脑发育研究的分析。3)将母子互动的二元性分析扩展到神经 认知系统和。4)培养较强的科学写作能力和教学能力。这些培训目标将 为申请者做好从博士后过渡到博士后培训和职业生涯的准备 该计划可以作为一名发育神经学家获得独立的终身教职。

Project Summary/Abstract The neural mechanisms of regulation support socioemotional competence 63,74 and may operate as resilience factors in the face of developmental risk for psychopathology 13,17. Investigating how these neural mechanisms emerge and change during infancy may identify critical periods of intervention and individual and contextual factors that condition neurodevelopmental trajectories. Three major gaps exist in this literature: 1) Neural correlates of regulation are well established in the adult literature but have not been examined longitudinally during infancy. 2) The effects of temperament risk, parental psychopathology, and parent-child transactions have only been linked to cross-sectional studies of neural activity, rather than to neurodevelopmental trajectories. 3) The neurocognitive mechanisms underlying the socialization of regulation and psychopathology in parent-child transactions are poorly understood. In this proposal, the first two gaps will be addressed by the dissertation project, and a plan is presented to address the third gap with the postdoctoral research. In the F99 phase, four repeated measures of infant electroencephalogram (EEG) from 8 to 24 months postpartum will be used to map infant trajectories of neural markers implicated in regulation during childhood and adulthood. The EEG data will provide two neural correlates: delta-beta synchrony and network connectivity. At each laboratory visit, infant resting-state EEG is collected, and mother-child interactions are videotaped during a 5-minute free-play task. Additionally, primary caregivers report on their child’s temperament and their own anxiety at each wave. These repeated measures design will enable the applicant to address three main questions: 1) How local and global neural mechanisms underlying regulation emerge and change during infancy. 2) How these neural trajectories are influenced by infant negative affect and maternal anxiety. 3) How dyadic patterns of positive affect and responsivity in the mother-infant relationship impact these neural trajectories. In the K00 phase, the applicant will use novel techniques to assess dyadic neural and cognitive activity in mother- child interactions in order to map specific regulation socialization strategies to neural synchrony, joint attention, and risk for anxiety. The current proposal entails an integrated pre- and postdoctoral training plan to prepare the applicant as an independent researcher in developmental neuroscience. There are four overarching training goals: 1) Gain expertise in the study of infant brain development. 2) Learn and apply advanced quantitative methods and dyadic analysis to the study of brain development. 3) Expand dyadic analysis of mother-child interactions to the neural and cognitive systems and. 4) Develop strong scientific writing and teaching skills. These training goals will effectively prepare the applicant to transition from the predoctoral to the postdoctoral training and build a career program that can be taken into an independent, tenure-track position as a developmental neuroscientist.