Investigating the error-related negativity and the balance N1 in children with anxiety disorders

项目摘要 错误相关负波（error-related negativity，ERN）是错误加工的一个生物标志物，可以预测未来错误的发生和恶化 结果的焦虑症的幼儿，因此是一个潜在的目标，以抵消发展 焦虑症治疗干预可以在一次治疗中减少ERN，但有许多因素 使ERN难以衡量，例如要求参与者自发地在一个小问题上犯错误， 这是在远离日常生活的简单电脑游戏中数百次试验的一小部分。此外，ERN是 对任务指令的解释非常敏感。平衡N1是误差的可比生物标志物 站立平衡的突然紊乱引起的一种处理过程。与ERN不同， 唤起平衡N1是在日常生活中遇到的，在完全的实验控制下，并唤起一个 无意识的行为反应，不需要事先指导，消除了许多问题， 测量ERN。此外，平衡N1在幅度上显著大于ERN，并且可以 在单次试验中观察到的。初步数据表明，平衡N1和ERN振幅 在年轻和老年人群体中相关，这表明平衡N1可能提供了一个强大的 测量相同的神经系统。在建议的工程计划中，N1和ERN余额将 在128名儿童中进行测量（年龄9-12岁，N=64患有焦虑症，N=64没有）。在复制之前的 研究发现ERN在临床焦虑儿童中增强，该项目将是第一个测试是否 平衡N1在焦虑儿童中同样增强（目标1）。然后，这个项目将测试是否平衡 N1和ERN振幅在两组儿童内部和之间都是相关的，并评估它们是否 解释焦虑状态的独特或重叠方差（目标2）。焦虑的孩子们会 随机分为单次基于计算机的干预，目标是多动错误监测或 控制条件侧重于健康的生活方式的选择。我们的目标是证明， 过度活跃的错误监控可以降低ERN，并测试这种影响是否会转移到类似的降低 平衡N1测试共享的基础机制（目标3）。拟议的研究可能会产生一个 这是一个比ERN更强大、更容易测量的焦虑生物标志物。干预的转移 对平衡N1的影响将提供对先前工作的深入了解，表明平衡训练可以减轻 幼儿的焦虑，以及心理治疗对平衡障碍的好处。总的来说， 这些数据可能有助于发展针对儿童焦虑症的多学科干预措施， 大脑错误监控系统的活动。本项目将提供使用与活动有关的 在临床研究项目中研究发展性精神病理学的潜在生物标志物，以支持 申请人的长期目标是研究运动、认知和神经系统的重叠神经机制， 神经发育障碍儿童的精神问题。

Project Summary The error-related negativity (ERN) is a biomarker of error processing that can predict future onset and worse outcomes of anxiety disorders in young children and is therefore a potential target to offset the development of anxiety disorders. Therapeutic interventions can reduce the ERN in a single session, but a number of factors make the ERN difficult to measure, such as requiring participants to spontaneously make mistakes on a small fraction of hundreds of trials in simple computer games that are far removed from daily life. Further, the ERN is quite sensitive to interpretation of the task instructions. The balance N1 is a comparable biomarker of error processing that can be evoked by a sudden disturbance to standing balance. Unlike the ERN, the errors that evoke the balance N1 are encountered in daily life, are under full experimental control, and evoke an involuntary behavioral reaction that requires no prior instruction, eliminating many of the problems with measuring the ERN. Further, the balance N1 is substantially larger in amplitude than the ERN and can be robustly observed in single trials. Preliminary data demonstrate that the balance N1 and ERN amplitudes are correlated within younger and older adult populations, suggesting the balance N1 may provide a robust measurement of the same underlying neural system. In the proposed project, the balance N1 and ERN will be measured in 128 children (ages 9-12, N=64 with anxiety disorders and N=64 without). While replicating prior findings that the ERN is enhanced in clinically anxious children, this project will be the first to test whether the balance N1 is similarly enhanced in anxious children (Aim 1). Then, this project will test whether the balance N1 and ERN amplitudes are correlated within and across both groups of children, and assess whether they account for unique or overlapping variance in anxiety status (Aim 2). The anxious children will then be randomized into a single-session computer-based intervention targeting hyperactive error monitoring or a control condition focused on healthy lifestyle choices. Our goal is to demonstrate that an intervention targeting hyperactive error monitoring can reduce the ERN—and test whether this effect transfers to a similar reduction of the balance N1 to test for shared underlying mechanisms (Aim 3). The proposed study may yield a biomarker of anxiety that is more robust and easier to measure than the ERN. Transfer of the intervention effect to the balance N1 would provide insight into prior work demonstrating that balance training can alleviate anxiety in young children, and well-documented benefits of psychotherapy to balance disorders. Collectively, these data may facilitate the development of multidisciplinary interventions for anxiety in children that target activity of the brain’s error monitoring system. This project will provide training in the use of event-related potential based biomarkers to study developmental psychopathology in a clinical research project to support the applicant’s long-term goal of investigating overlapping neural mechanisms of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric problems in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.