Unequal Parenthoods: Population Perspectives on Gender, Race, and Sexual Minority Disparities in Family Stress and Health During Crises

项目摘要 新冠肺炎大流行和种族创伤共生期颠覆了家庭环境和 对父母(特别是母亲)、种族和族裔少数群体以及性少数群体施加了损害。 了解父母在这段时间内是如何发挥作用的，对于确定种族、性别、 和性别认同被边缘化，加剧了父母福祉方面的差距，对儿童健康产生了严重影响。 利用去年从国家夫妇协会收集的新的基于人口的调查和时间日记数据 健康与时间研究(NCHAT)，我们将确定性别、种族和少数民族的潜在机制，以及 COVID期间和这一高发期父母教养压力和父母幸福感的性别差异 种族创伤。NCHAT(N=3,642)是对生活在20到60岁之间的个人进行的具有总体代表性的研究 在美国黑人、拉丁裔和亚裔家庭样本过多的同性和异性夫妇中， 性少数群体。这项研究还包括41%的伴侣。本研究的分析样本侧重于 35%的样本有18岁以下的孩子(n=1,274名主要受访者；n=567名伴侣)。这个项目有 四个具体目标：目标1.确定性别、种族和少数民族以及#年性少数群体的差距 育儿压力和幸福感与亲子关系质量和测试边缘化，社会经济 作为中介的地位和不良童年经历；目标2.评估COVID和种族创伤应激， 心理困扰和夫妻关系对育儿压力和幸福感的调节作用 亲子关系质量差异；目标3.在亲子关系之间的联系中确定二元应激过程 COVID和种族创伤压力、心理困扰、关系功能和育儿；目标4。 考察社区扰乱和环境作为父母压力、幸福和亲子关系的调节因素 关系质量差异。此外，NCHAT数据，为该项目产生的上下文数据 结构性种族主义、性别歧视和异性恋，以及NCHAT调查项目的协调将与 新冠肺炎联盟协调中心的社会、行为和经济研究 更广泛的卫生研究界，利用社会研究所和 数据创新(ISRDI)，IPUMS数据项目的所在地。40%的NCHAT主要受访者认为 种族和少数民族，45%的人认为是性少数。这样的数据是成功的关键 以及SBECCC的包容性。本研究与U01《S资助意向研究》一致，以了解 冠状病毒缓解战略和可能传递风险和复原力的机制对健康的影响， 特别是在服务不足和弱势群体中，[这]将有助于改善对 并更有效地为下一次突发公共卫生事件做好准备。重要的是，理解家庭 在这一历史时刻的经验和战略可以为干预措施提供信息，以解决健康危害和 为家庭的未来建立复原力。

Project Summary The COVID-19 pandemic and the co-occurring period of racial trauma has upended family environments and exacted a toll on parents (mothers in particular), racial and ethnic minorities, and sexual minorities. Understanding how parents functioned during this time is crucial to identifying mechanisms linking race, gender, and sexual identity marginalization to disparities in parental well-being with critical implications for child health. Leveraging novel population-based survey and time diary data collected this past year from the National Couples’ Health and Time Study (NCHAT), we will identify mechanisms underlying gender, racial and ethnic minority, and sexual minority disparities in parenting stress and parental well-being during COVID and this period of intense racial trauma. NCHAT (N = 3,642) is a population-representative study of individuals between 20 and 60 living in same and different-gender couples in the U.S. with oversamples of Black, Latinx, and Asian families and sexual minorities. The study includes 41% of partners as well. The analytic sample for this study focuses on the 35% of the sample that had children under 18 (n = 1,274 main respondents; n = 567 partners). This project has four specific aims: Aim 1. Determine gender, racial and ethnic minority, and sexual minority disparities in parenting stress and well-being and parent-child relationship quality and test marginalization, socioeconomic status, and adverse childhood experiences as mediators; Aim 2. Evaluate COVID and racial trauma stress, psychological distress, and couple relationship functioning as moderators of parenting stress and well-being and parent-child relationship quality disparities; Aim 3. Identify dyadic stress processes in the associations between COVID and racial trauma stress, psychological distress, and relationship functioning and parenting; Aim 4. Examine community disruptions and context as moderators of parenting stress and well-being and parent-child relationship quality disparities. Further, the NCHAT data, the contextual data produced for this project on structural racism, sexism, and heterosexism, and NCHAT survey items for harmonization will be shared with the Social, Behavioral, and Economic Research on COVID-19 Consortium Coordination Center (SBECCC) and the wider health research community, leveraging the exceptional resources of the Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation (ISRDI), home to the IPUMS data projects. Forty percent of NCHAT main respondents identify racial and ethnic minorities, and 45% identify as sexual minorities. Data such as these are crucial to the success and inclusiveness of the SBECCC. This study aligns with the U01’s intention to fund “research to understand the health impacts of coronavirus mitigation strategies and the mechanisms that may convey risk and resilience, particularly in underserved and vulnerable populations, [that] will help improve long-term responses to the pandemic and prepare more effectively for the next public health emergency.” Importantly, understanding family experiences and strategies at this historical moment can inform interventions to address health detriments and build resiliency for the future of families.