The All-or-Nothing Marriage? Marital Functioning and Health Among Individuals in Same and Different-Gender Marriages

项目摘要/摘要 美国成年人的中老年健康状况一直在下降。婚姻功能是一个重要的决定因素 不同性别夫妇的成人健康和幸福感，以及过去40年婚姻功能的变化 多年可能是美国成年人健康下降的一个关键机制。学者们认为，婚姻 在过去的40年里，功能已经下降，但没有研究支持这一说法。最近的 所有人同性婚姻合法化意味着#年婚姻人口扩大和多样化 学者们还没有弄明白，这个人口很可能会随着更多的同性- 合伙关系向婚姻过渡。由于缺乏数据和力量，婚姻功能和婚姻状况之间的联系 同性婚姻中个人的健康结果几乎没有受到关注。该项目将确定 在过去的40年里，美国的婚姻功能和个人健康与幸福方面的主要变化 不同性别的配偶，并将这些作为同性配偶的基准。我们的方法将是生成一个 工作和家庭生活研究数据的第三个重复横截面(即第三波)，补充和 扩展了1980年和2000年收集的横断面数据。我们建议：目标1.确定年龄、时期和队列 过去40年婚姻状况的趋势(如婚姻幸福和冲突、离婚倾向) 在不同性别的配偶之间，并测试种族和社会阶层的差异。目标2.检查年龄、经期、 和婚姻功能与成人身心健康之间关系的队列趋势 过去40年，不同性别、不同种族和社会阶层的夫妇。目标3.检查两者之间的关联 按种族划分的同性婚姻个体的婚姻功能与成人身心健康之间的关系 和社会阶层，并比较这些联系的大小与不同性别的个人 婚姻。为了检查目标1和目标2，我们将收集工作和家庭生活的第三个横截面数据 研究，在第一次和第二次横断面后大约40年和20年。人口代表性数据 将从2000名年龄在18岁到55岁之间的不同性别婚姻中的个人中收集。为了研究目标3，我们将 收集300名同性婚姻女性和300名男性的数据。数据将通过电话和 上网。这个项目的主要意义在于：1)有证据表明婚姻功能在过去几年中有所下降 40岁，并发现婚姻功能下降是导致成年人下降的一个机制 身心健康，以及2)婚姻状况不佳与 不同种族和社会同性婚姻的身心健康状况及健康行为 班级。这项拟议的研究具有创新性，因为1)它与现有的美国数据有很大不同 跨队列和不同性别配偶不同时期的婚姻功能和健康，以及2)将 为美国已婚的性少数群体制定婚姻功能和健康的基准。这些数据，最大的人口-- 迄今同性和不同性别婚姻中的个人样本将通过ICPSR获得。

Project Summary/Abstract Adult health in mid to later life in the US has been declining. Marital functioning is an important determinant of adult health and wellbeing in different-gender couples, and changes to marital functioning over the past 40 years may be a critical mechanism underlying the US adult health decline. Scholars have argued that marital functioning has declined over the past forty years, yet there is no research to support this claim. The recent legalization of same-gender marriage for all means that the marital population has expanded and diversified in ways scholars have yet to understand, and it is likely this population will grow as more same-gender partnerships transition to marriage. Due to a lack of data and power, the associations between marital functioning and health outcomes for individuals in same-gender marriages has received little attention. This project will identify key changes in marital functioning and individual health and wellbeing in the U.S. over the past four decades in different gender spouses, and benchmark these for same-gender spouses. Our approach will be to generate a third repeated cross-section (i.e. a third wave) of the Work and Family Life Study data, complementing and extending cross-sectional data collected in 1980 and 2000. We propose: Aim 1. Identify age, period, and cohort trends in marital functioning (e.g. marital happiness and conflict, divorce proneness) over the past 40 years among different gender spouses, and test for race and social class differences. Aim 2. Examine age, period, and cohort trends in the association between marital functioning and adult physical and mental health over the past 40 years among different gender couples, by race and social class. Aim 3. Examine the association between marital functioning and adult physical and mental health in individuals in same-gender marriages by race and social class, and compare the magnitude of these associations with individuals in different-gender marriages. To examine Aims 1 and 2, we will collect a third cross-section of data of the Work and Family Life Study, approximately 40 and 20 years after the first and second cross-sections. Population-representative data will be collected from 2000 individuals, ages 18 to 55, in different-gender marriages. To examine Aim 3, we will collect data from 300 women and 300 men in same-gender marriages. Data will be collected via phone and online. The primary significance of this project is 1) evidence that marital functioning has declined over the past 40 years, and the identification of declining marital functioning as a mechanism underlying declines in adult physical and mental health, and 2) the establishment of an association between poor marital functioning and poor physical and psychological health and health behaviors in same-gender marriages across race and social class. The proposed research is innovative because 1) it is a substantial departure from available U.S. data on marital functioning and health across cohorts and periods for different-gender spouses, and 2) it will benchmark marital functioning and health for married sexual minorities in the US. These data, the largest population- based sample of individuals in same and different-gender marriages to date, will be available through ICPSR.