The All-or-Nothing Marriage? Marital Functioning and Health Among Individuals in Same and Different-Gender Marriages

项目概要/摘要 美国成年人中晚年的健康状况一直在下降。婚姻功能是一个重要的决定因素 不同性别夫妇的成人健康和福祉，以及过去 40 年来婚姻功能的变化 年可能是美国成年人健康状况下降的一个关键机制。学者们认为，婚姻 在过去的四十年中，功能已经下降，但没有研究支持这一说法。最近的 同性婚姻合法化意味着婚姻人口的扩大和多样化 学者们尚未理解的方式，而且这个人口很可能会随着更多的同性而增长 伙伴关系过渡到婚姻。由于缺乏数据和力量，婚姻功能与婚姻之间的联系 同性婚姻中个人的健康结果很少受到关注。该项目将确定 过去四十年来美国婚姻功能以及个人健康和福祉的重大变化 不同性别的配偶，并以同性配偶为基准。我们的方法是生成一个 工作和家庭生活研究数据的第三次重复横截面（即第三波），补充和 扩展 1980 年和 2000 年收集的横截面数据。我们建议： 目标 1. 确定年龄、时期和队列 过去 40 年婚姻功能的趋势（例如婚姻幸福和冲突、离婚倾向） 不同性别配偶之间的差异，并测试种族和社会阶层差异。目标 2. 检查年龄、时期、 以及婚姻功能与成人身心健康之间关系的队列趋势 按种族和社会阶层划分的不同性别夫妇过去 40 年的情况。目标 3. 检查关联 按种族划分的同性婚姻个体的婚姻功能与成年身心健康之间的关系 和社会阶层，并将这些关联的程度与不同性别的个体进行比较 婚姻。为了检验目标 1 和 2，我们将收集工作和家庭生活的第三个横截面数据 研究，在第一次和第二次横截面大约 40 和 20 年之后。人口代表性数据 将从 2000 名年龄在 18 岁至 55 岁之间的不同性别婚姻个体中收集。为了检验目标 3，我们将 收集同性婚姻中 300 名女性和 300 名男性的数据。数据将通过电话收集 在线。该项目的主要意义是 1) 婚姻功能在过去有所下降的证据 40 年来，婚姻功能下降被认为是成人婚姻功能下降的一个机制 身心健康，以及 2) 婚姻功能不佳与 跨种族和社会的同性婚姻的身心健康状况和健康行为不佳 类。拟议的研究具有创新性，因为 1）它与美国现有的数据有很大不同 不同性别配偶在不同群体和时期的婚姻功能和健康状况，2) 美国已婚性少数群体的婚姻功能和健康基准。这些数据，最大的人口—— 迄今为止同性和异性婚姻中的个人样本将通过 ICPSR 提供。

Project Summary/Abstract Adult health in mid to later life in the US has been declining. Marital functioning is an important determinant of adult health and wellbeing in different-gender couples, and changes to marital functioning over the past 40 years may be a critical mechanism underlying the US adult health decline. Scholars have argued that marital functioning has declined over the past forty years, yet there is no research to support this claim. The recent legalization of same-gender marriage for all means that the marital population has expanded and diversified in ways scholars have yet to understand, and it is likely this population will grow as more same-gender partnerships transition to marriage. Due to a lack of data and power, the associations between marital functioning and health outcomes for individuals in same-gender marriages has received little attention. This project will identify key changes in marital functioning and individual health and wellbeing in the U.S. over the past four decades in different gender spouses, and benchmark these for same-gender spouses. Our approach will be to generate a third repeated cross-section (i.e. a third wave) of the Work and Family Life Study data, complementing and extending cross-sectional data collected in 1980 and 2000. We propose: Aim 1. Identify age, period, and cohort trends in marital functioning (e.g. marital happiness and conflict, divorce proneness) over the past 40 years among different gender spouses, and test for race and social class differences. Aim 2. Examine age, period, and cohort trends in the association between marital functioning and adult physical and mental health over the past 40 years among different gender couples, by race and social class. Aim 3. Examine the association between marital functioning and adult physical and mental health in individuals in same-gender marriages by race and social class, and compare the magnitude of these associations with individuals in different-gender marriages. To examine Aims 1 and 2, we will collect a third cross-section of data of the Work and Family Life Study, approximately 40 and 20 years after the first and second cross-sections. Population-representative data will be collected from 2000 individuals, ages 18 to 55, in different-gender marriages. To examine Aim 3, we will collect data from 300 women and 300 men in same-gender marriages. Data will be collected via phone and online. The primary significance of this project is 1) evidence that marital functioning has declined over the past 40 years, and the identification of declining marital functioning as a mechanism underlying declines in adult physical and mental health, and 2) the establishment of an association between poor marital functioning and poor physical and psychological health and health behaviors in same-gender marriages across race and social class. The proposed research is innovative because 1) it is a substantial departure from available U.S. data on marital functioning and health across cohorts and periods for different-gender spouses, and 2) it will benchmark marital functioning and health for married sexual minorities in the US. These data, the largest population- based sample of individuals in same and different-gender marriages to date, will be available through ICPSR.