Oral transmission of KSHV using rhesus macaque rhadinovirus model

摘要 这项建议的长期目标和目的是调查与以下相关的宿主和病毒学因素 Kaposi肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(KSHV)利用近缘猕猴的口服传播 恒河猴RRV感染与KSHV感染平行的模型 对人类的致病性。与KSHV一样，RRV是一种伽马-2疱疹病毒，与KSHV在 基因组水平，具有本质上的共线基因组组织。在病理上，RRV与 KSHV，因为我们已经证明静脉接种RRV可以引起类似KSHV的疾病表现。 在混合感染猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)的RM中。类似地，RM在生命早期感染RRV， 在最初的两年内，暗示RRV感染与生活在撒哈拉以南非洲的儿童的KSHV感染相似， 在这里，KSHV是在生命的早期获得的。在这里，我们将确定RRV是否可以通过口腔粘膜建立 感染，并确定在体内的必要条件。这些首个有关房车的研究将在#年进行。 与体外研究平行询问病毒糖蛋白受体(S)的密度和细胞类型表达 受体(S)在口腔的不同区域，作为一种手段来定义传播机制。最后， 因为我们已经创造了野生型RRV的具有感染性和致病性的细菌人工染色体(BAC)克隆 (WT-RRVBAC)，它提供了一个分子遗传系统来询问病毒因子，这些因子是 感染，我们将采用分子方法来询问促进KSHV的病毒编码因子 感染遍及口腔粘膜。具体来说，我们假设RRV包膜糖蛋白Gb、Gh、Gl、Gm 和潜在的gR8.1是与敏感细胞上的受体结合所必需的，KSHV糖蛋白 Gb、Gh、gl、Gm和gK8.1可在功能上替代RRV糖蛋白同源物。因此，建立这个 嵌合病毒系统将使研究人员和疫苗接种专家能够靶向病毒糖蛋白 疫苗在非人灵长类动物(NHP)模型中的方法。

SUMMARY The long-term goals and objectives of this proposal is to investigate host and virological factors associated with oral transmission of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) utilizing the closely related rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV) infection of rhesus macaques (RM) model that parallels KSHV infection and pathogenicity in humans. Like KSHV, RRV is a gamma-2 herpesvirus that is closely related to KSHV at the genomic level, possessing essentially collinear genome organization. Pathologically, RRV closely resembles KSHV, as we have shown that intravenous (iv) inoculation of RRV can induce KSHV-like disease manifestations in RM co-infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). Similarly, RM are infected with RRV early in life, within the first 2 years, implying RRV infection mimics KSHV infection in children living in sub-Saharan Africa, where KSHV is acquired early in life. Here, we will determine whether RRV can cross the oral mucosa to establish infection, and identify the in vivo conditions necessary. These first of kind studies for RRV will be performed in parallel with in vitro studies to interrogate viral glycoprotein receptor(s) density and cell types expressing the receptor(s) in different regions of the oral cavity, as a means to define the mechanism for transmission. Lastly, as we have created an infectious and pathogenic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone of wild type RRV (WT-RRVBAC) that provides a molecular genetic system to interrogate viral factors that are necessary for infection, we will undertake a molecular approach to interrogate viral encoded factors that facilitate KSHV infection across the oral mucosa. Specifically, we hypothesize that RRV envelope glycoproteins gB, gH, gL, gM and potentially gR8.1 are necessary for binding to receptors on susceptible cells and that KSHV glycoproteins gB, gH, gL, gM and gK8.1 can functionally substitute for RRV glycoprotein homologues. Hence, establishing this chimeric virus system will enable researchers and vaccinologists, the ability to target the viral glycoproteins for vaccine approaches in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model.